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# Menggunakan Prosedur, Fungsi dan Properti

Berikut ini menjelaskan penggunaan dasar prosedur, fungsi dan properti di LibreOffice Basic.

Saat Anda membuat modul baru, LibreOffice Basic secara otomatis menyisipkan Sub yang disebut "Main". Nama bawaan ini tidak ada ubungannya dengan urutan atau titik awal proyek LibreOffice Basic. Anda juga bisa mengganti nama Subrutin ini dengan aman.

Beberapa batasan berlaku untuk nama variabel publik, subrutin, fungsi, dan properti Anda. Anda tidak boleh menggunakan nama yang sama sebagai salah satu modul dari pustaka yang sama.

Procedures (Subroutines) functions (Function) and properties (Property) help you maintaining a structured overview by separating a program into logical pieces. These pieces can be easily reused to perform similar tasks in other projects.

## Meneruskan Variabel ke Prosedur, Fungsi, atau Properti

Variabel bisa diteruskan ke kedua prosedur, fungsi atau properti. Sub Function atau Property harus dideklarasikan untuk mengharapkan parameter:

      Sub SubName(Parameter1 As TYPENAME, Parameter2 As TYPENAME,...)
          ' tempatkan kode Anda di sini
      End Sub

Sub dipanggil menggunakan sintaks berikut:

      [Call] SubName( [Parameter1:=]Value1, [Parameter2:=]Value2, ...)

Parameter yang diteruskan ke Sub harus sesuai dengan yang ditentukan dalam deklarasi Sub.

The same process applies to a Function. In addition, functions always return a result. This result is defined by assigning the value to return to the function name:

      Function FunctionName(Parameter1 As TYPENAME, Parameter2 As TYPENAME,...) As TYPENAME
          ' your code goes here
          FunctionName=Result
      End Function

The Function is called using the following syntax:

      Variable = FunctionName( [Parameter1:=]Value1, [Parameter2:=]Value2, ...)

Properties combine the syntax of procedures and functions. A Property usually requires up to one parameter.

      Private _IsApproved As TYPENAME
      Property Get IsApproved As TYPENAME
          ' your code goes here
          IsApproved = some_computation
      End Property
      Property Let IsApproved(value As TYPENAME)
          ' your code goes here
          _IsApproved = computed_value
      End Property

The Property is called using the following syntax:

      var = IsApproved
      IsApproved = some_value

You can also use the fully qualified name to call a procedure, function or property:
[Call] Library.Module.Macro(), where Call is optional.
For example, to call the Autotext macro from the Gimmicks library, use the following command:
Gimmicks.AutoText.Main()

## Meneruskan Variabel berdasarkan Nilai atau Referensi

Parameters can be passed to a procedure, a function or a property either by reference or by value. Unless otherwise specified, a parameter is always passed by reference. That means that a Sub, a Function or a Property gets the parameter and can read and modify its value.

If you want to pass a parameter by value insert the key word ByVal in front of the parameter when you call a Sub, a Function or a Property, for example:

      Function ReadOnlyParms(ByVal p2, ByVal p2)
          ' your code goes here
      End Function
      result = ReadOnlyParms(parm1, parm2)

In this case, the original content of the parameter will not be modified by the Function since it only gets the value and not the parameter itself.

## Defining Optional Parameters

Functions, procedures or properties can be defined with optional parameters, for example:

      Sub Rounding(number, Optional decimals, Optional format)
          ' your code goes here
      End Sub

## Positional or Keyword Arguments

When you call a function or a subroutine, you may pass its arguments by position or by name. Passing by position means just listing the arguments in the order in which the parameters are defined in the function or subroutine. Passing by name requires you to prefix the argument with the name of the corresponding parameter followed by a colon and an equal sign (:=). Keyword arguments may appear in any order. Refer to Basic Replace() function for such examples.

When needing to pass less parameters, use keywords arguments. Passing values for fewer parameters by position requires to supply values for all parameters before them, optional or not. This ensures that the values are in the correct positions. If you pass the parameters by name - using keyword arguments - you may omit all other intermediate arguments.

## Cakupan Variabel

A variable defined within a Sub, a Function or a Property, only remains valid until the procedure is exited. This is known as a "local" variable. In many cases, you need a variable to be valid in all procedures, in every module of all libraries, or after a Sub, a Function or a Property is exited.

### Declaring Variables Outside a Sub a Function or a Property

    Global VarName As TYPENAME

The variable is valid as long as the LibreOffice session lasts.

    Public VarName As TYPENAME

Variabelnya sah untuk semua modul.

    Private VarName As TYPENAME

Variabelnya hanya sah untuk modul ini.

    Dim VarName As TYPENAME

Variabelnya hanya sah untuk modul ini.

### Contoh untuk variabel privat

Enforce private variables to be private across modules by setting CompatibilityMode(True).

      ' ***** Module1 *****
      Private myText As String
      Sub initMyText
          myText = "Hello"
          print "in module1 : ", myText
      End Sub

      ' ***** Module2 *****
      'Option Explicit
      Sub demoBug
          CompatibilityMode( True )
          initMyText
          ' Sekarang menghasilkan string kosong
          ' (atau menimbulkan kesalahan untuk Opsi Eksplisit)
          print "Now in module2 : ", myText
      End Sub

### Saving Variable Content after Exiting a Sub a Function or a Property

      Static VarName As TYPENAME

The variable retains its value until the next time the a Function, Sub or Property is entered. The declaration must exist inside a Sub, a Function or a Property.

## Specifying the Return Value Type of a Function or a Property

As with variables, include a type-declaration character after the function name, or the type indicated by As and the corresponding data type at the end of the parameter list to define the type of the function or property's return value, for example:

      Function WordCount(WordText As String) As Integer

Topik Terkait

CompatibilityMode() Function

Pernyataan Option Explicit

Optional keyword

Property Statement

Static Statement