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# Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Configuration examples

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< Advanced Linux Sound Architecture

The following should serve as a guide for more advanced ALSA setups. The configuration takes place in `/etc/asound.conf` as mentioned in the main article. None of the following configurations are guaranteed to work.

Note Most things discussed here are much easier to accomplish using ALSA plugins like upmix which are explained in the main article.

## Upmixing of stereo sources to 7.1 using dmix while saturated sources do not get upmixed

    # 2008-11-15
    #
    # This .asoundrc will allow the following:
    #
    # - upmix stereo files to 7.1 speakers.
    # - playback real 7.1 sounds, on 7.1 speakers,
    # - allow the playback of both stereo (upmixed) and surround(7.1) sources at the same time.
    # - use the 6th and 7th channel (side speakers) as a separate soundcard, i.e. for headphones
    #   (This is called the "alternate" output throughout the file, device names prefixed with 'a')
    # - play mono sources in stereo (like ekiga) on the alterate output
    #
    # Make sure you have "8 Channels" and NOT "6 Channels" selected in alsamixer!
    #
    # Please try the following commands, to make sure everything is working as it should.
    #
    # To test stereo upmix :      speaker-test -c2 -Ddefault -twav
    # To test surround(5.1):      speaker-test -c6 -Dplug:dmix6 -twav
    # To test surround(7.1):      speaker-test -c6 -Dplug:dmix8 -twav
    # To test alternative output: speaker-test -c2 -Daduplex -twav
    # To test mono upmix:         speaker-test -c1 -Dmonoduplex -twav
    #
    #
    # It may not work out of the box for all cards. If it doesnt work for you, read the comments throughout the file.
    # The basis of this file was written by wishie of #alsa, and then modified with info from various sources by
    # squisher. Svenstaro modified it for 7.1 output support.

    #Define the soundcard to use
    pcm.snd_card {
        type hw
        card 0
        device 0
    }

    # 8 channel dmix - output whatever audio, to all 8 speakers
    pcm.dmix8 {
        type dmix
        ipc_key 1024
        ipc_key_add_uid false
        ipc_perm 0660
        slave {
            pcm "snd_card"
            rate 48000
            channels 8
            period_time 0
            period_size 1024
            buffer_time 0
            buffer_size 5120
        }

    # Some cards, like the "nforce" variants require the following to be uncommented.
    # It routes the audio to the correct speakers.
    #    bindings {
    #        0 0
    #        1 1
    #        2 4
    #        3 5
    #        4 2
    #        5 3
    #        6 6
    #        7 7
    #    }
    }

    # upmixing - duplicate stereo data to all 8 channels
    pcm.ch71dup {
        type route
        slave.pcm dmix8
        slave.channels 8
        ttable.0.0 1
        ttable.1.1 1
        ttable.0.2 1
        ttable.1.3 1
        ttable.0.4 0.5
        ttable.1.4 0.5
        ttable.0.5 0.5
        ttable.1.5 0.5
        ttable.0.6 1
        ttable.1.7 1
    }

    # this creates a six channel soundcard
    # and outputs to the eight channel one
    # i.e. for usage in mplayer I had to define in ~/.mplayer/config:
    #   ao=alsa:device=dmix6
    #   channels=6
    pcm.dmix6 {
        type route
        slave.pcm dmix8
        slave.channels 8
        ttable.0.0 1
        ttable.1.1 1
        ttable.2.2 1
        ttable.3.3 1
        ttable.4.4 1
        ttable.5.5 1
        ttable.6.6 1
        ttable.7.7 1
    }

    # share the microphone, i.e. because virtualbox grabs it by default
    pcm.microphone {
        type dsnoop
        ipc_key 1027
        slave {
            pcm "snd_card"
        }
    }

    # rate conversion, needed i.e. for wine
    pcm.2chplug {
        type plug
        slave.pcm "ch71dup"
    }
    pcm.a2chplug {
        type plug
        slave.pcm "dmix8"
    }

    # routes the channel for the alternative
    # 2 channel output, which becomes the 7th and 8th channel
    # on the real soundcard
    #pcm.alt2ch {
    #    type route
    #    slave.pcm "a2chplug"
    #    slave.channels 8
    #    ttable.0.6    1
    #    ttable.1.7    1
    #}

    # ekiga is only mono, so route left channel to the right channel
    # note: this gets routed to the alternative 2 channels
    pcm.mono_playback {
        type route
        slave.pcm "a2chplug"
        slave.channels 8
        # Send audio channel 0 to the L and R speakers at full volume
        #ttable.0.6    1
        #ttable.0.7    1
    }

    # 'full-duplex' device for use with aoss
    pcm.duplex {
        type asym
        playback.pcm "2chplug"
        capture.pcm "microphone"
    }

    #pcm.aduplex {
    #    type asym
    #    playback.pcm "alt2ch"
    #    capture.pcm "microphone"
    #}

    pcm.monoduplex {
        type asym
        playback.pcm "mono_playback"
        capture.pcm "microphone"
    }

    # for aoss
    pcm.dsp0 "duplex"
    ctl.mixer0 "duplex"

    # softvol manages volume in ALSA
    # i.e. wine likes this
    pcm.mainvol {
        type softvol
        slave.pcm "duplex"
        control {
            name "2ch-Upmix Master"
            card 0
        }
    }

    #pcm.!default "mainvol"

    # set the default device according to the environment
    # variable ALSA_DEFAULT_PCM and default to mainvol
    pcm.!default {
        @func refer
        name { @func concat
               strings [ "pcm."
                         { @func getenv
                           vars [ ALSA_DEFAULT_PCM ]
                           default "mainvol"
                         }
               ]
             }
    }

    # uncomment the following if you want to be able to control
    # the mixer device through environment variables as well
    #ctl.!default {
    #    @func refer
    #    name { @func concat
    #           strings [ "ctl."
    #                     { @func getenv
    #                       vars [ ALSA_DEFAULT_CTL
    #                              ALSA_DEFAULT_PCM
    #                       ]
    #                       default "duplex"
    #                     }
    #           ]
    #         }
    #}

## Surround51 incl. upmix stereo & dmix, swap L/R, bad speaker position in room

Bad practice but works fine for almost everything without additional per-program/file customization:

    pcm.!default {
        type route
    ## forwards to the mixer pcm defined below
        slave.pcm dmix51
        slave.channels 6

    ## "Native Channels" stereo, swap left/right
        ttable.0.1 1
        ttable.1.0 1
    ## original normal left/right commented out
    #    ttable.0.0 1
    #    ttable.1.1 1

    ## route "native surround" so it still works but weaken signal (+ RL/RF swap)
    ## because my rear speakers are more like random than really behind me
        ttable.2.3 0.7
        ttable.3.2 0.7
        ttable.4.4 0.7
        ttable.5.5 0.7

    ## stereo => quad speaker "upmix" for "rear" speakers + swap L/R
        ttable.0.3 1
        ttable.1.2 1

    ## stereo L+R => join to Center & Subwoofer 50%/50%
        ttable.0.4 0.5
        ttable.1.4 0.5
        ttable.0.5 0.5
        ttable.1.5 0.5
    ## to test: "$ speaker-test -c6 -twav" and: "$ speaker-test -c2 -twav"
    }

    pcm.dmix51 {
    	type dmix
    	ipc_key 1024
    # let multiple users share
    	ipc_key_add_uid false
    # IPC permissions (octal, default 0600)
    # I think changing this fixed something - but I'm not sure what.
    	ipc_perm 0660 #
    	slave {
    ## this is specific to my hda_intel. Often hd:0 is just allready it; To find: $ aplay -L
    		pcm surround51
    # this rate makes my soundcard crackle
    #		rate 44100
    # this rate stops flash in firefox from playing audio, but I do not need that
           rate 48000
           channels 6
    ## Any other values in the 4 lines below seem to make my soundcard crackle, too
           period_time 0
           period_size 1024
           buffer_time 0
           buffer_size 4096
    	}
    }

## Loopback interface with dmix external interface

Used to control which output goes to external, loopback, or both. Others have reported working setups without specifying format [1]

    # Use this to output to external
    pcm.dmixerout {
     type dmix
     ipc_key 1024
     ipc_key_add_uid false
     slave {
      pcm "hw:CARDNAME,0"
      channels 2
      period_time 0
      period_size 1024
      buffer_size 4096
      rate 44100
     }
     bindings {
      0 0
      1 1
     }
    }

    # Use this to output to loopback
    pcm.dmixerloop {
     type dmix
     ipc_key 2048
     ipc_key_add_uid false
     slave {
      pcm "hw:Loopback,0,0"
      channels 2
      period_time 0
      period_size 1024
      buffer_size 4096
      # If format is absent ALSA gives me slave PCM not usable, but it works w/o it for others
      format S32_LE
      rate 44100
     }
     bindings {
      0 0
      1 1
     }
    }

    # Sends to the two dmix interfaces
    pcm.quad {
     type multi
     # Necessary to have both slaves be dmix; both as hw doesn't give errors, but wouldn't
     slaves.a.pcm "dmixerout"
     slaves.a.channels 2
     slaves.b.pcm "dmixerloop"
     slaves.b.channels 2
     bindings {
      0 { slave a; channel 0; }
      1 { slave a; channel 1; }
      2 { slave b; channel 0; }
      3 { slave b; channel 1; }
     }
    }

    # Duplicates to quad, use this to output to loopback & external
    pcm.stereo2quad {
     type route
     slave.pcm "quad"
     # ttable.A.B G
     # where A - input channel
     #       B - output channel
     #       G - volume gain (1.0 = original)
     ttable.0.0 1
     ttable.1.1 1
     ttable.0.2 1
     ttable.1.3 1
    }

    # Listens to loopback
    # trying to play to stereo2quad when something is already listening gives me slave PCM not usable
    # but listening when something is already playing on stereo2quad works
    # and so does starting to listen, then playing to dmixerloop
    pcm.loopin {
     type dsnoop
     ipc_key 1111
     ipc_key_add_uid false
     slave.pcm "hw:Loopback,1"
    }

    pcm.!default {
     type asym
     playback.pcm "plug:stereo2quad"
     capture.pcm "plug:loopin"
    }

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Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Configuration examples
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