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# Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon (Gen 6)

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Reason: Hardware table needs IDs and sections needs some cleanup (Discuss in Talk:Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon (Gen 6))

Hardware | PCI/USB ID | Working?
--- | --- | ---
GPU | `8086:5917` | Yes
Wi-Fi | `8086:24fd` | Yes
Ethernet | `8086:15d7` | Yes
Mobile broadband |  | Yes
Audio | `8086:9d71` | Yes
Touchpad |  | Yes
TrackPoint |  | Yes
Webcam | `13d3:56b2` | Yes
Fingerprint Reader | `06cb:009a` | Yes
Bluetooth | `8087:0a2b` | Yes
NFC |  | No
microSD card reader | `0bda:0328` | Yes
Thunderbolt |  | Yes

The Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon, 6th generation is an ultrabook introduced in early 2018. It comes in several variants(`20KH*` and `20KG*`) and features a 14" screen, 8th-gen Intel Core processors and integrated Intel UHD 620 graphics.

To ensure you have this version, install the package dmidecode and run:

    # dmidecode -s system-version

    ThinkPad X1 Carbon 6th

## Firmware

The most convenient way to install Arch Linux is by disabling "Secure Boot" `Security -> Secure Boot - Set to "Disabled"`. However it is possible to self-sign your kernel and boot with it enabled. For further information, have a look at the Secure Boot article.

In case your `efivars` are not properly set it is most likely due to you not being booted into UEFI. Should the problem persist be sure to consult the UEFI#UEFI variables section.

### Updates

Note In the BIOS setup menu under `Security -> UEFI BIOS Update Option`, both `Flash BIOS Updating by End-Users` and `Windows UEFI Firmware Update` must be enabled at the time of an update.

#### Automatic (Linux Vendor Firmware Service)

In August of 2018 Lenovo has joined the Linux Vendor Firmware Service(LVFS) project, which enables firmware updates from within the OS. BIOS updates (and other firmware such as the Thunderbolt controller) can be queried for and installed through fwupd.

#### Manual (fwupdmgr)

Lenovo provides a cabinet file that can be directly installed with fwupdmgr. Take the most recent `.cab` file from the Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon (Gen 6) driver website.

1. Make sure the AC adapter is firmly connected to the target computer.
2. Launch Terminal.
3. Move to the directory where the cabinet file was placed.
4. Run `fwupdmgr install xxxxxxxx.cab` to schedule firmware update.
5. Restart the system.
6. The computer will be restarted and the UEFI BIOS will be updated.

#### Manual (El Torito)

Download the latest BIOS update ISO. Obtain geteltoritoAUR and run `geteltorito.pl -o bios-update.img n23ur12w.iso` on the downloaded ISO file to create a valid El Torito image file, then flash this file on a USB drive via `dd` like you would flash Arch installation media. For further information see flashing BIOS from Linux.

The ThinkPad X1 Carbon supports setting a custom splash image at the earliest boot stage (instead of the red "Lenovo" logo), more information can be found in the `README.TXT` located in the `FLASH` folder of the update image. This only needs to be done once, as subsequent UEFI upgrades will ask whether you wish to keep your custom logo.

Once the USB drive is flashed, the logo file can be placed in to the root directory of the flash drive.

## Fingerprint reader

The python-validity driver available via AUR allows to use the fingerprint reader as usual using fprintd.

## Bluetooth

See this blog post for improvements to reliability.

## IR Camera

See Howdy for logging in with the IR camera. The `frame_width` and `frame_height` must be set to `400` for the IR emitters to turn on.

## NFC

Connected via I2C, support was discussed in the libnfc project.

## Battery Stats and Charge Limit

Install the tlp package and show battery stats from command line:

    # tlp-stat -b

Note `cycle_count` will show `unsupported` for a brand new battery until it has completed at least 1 full discharge/charge cycle.

To prolong battery lifetime, you can limit battery charging to a maximum of 80% and start charging only if SoC (state of charge) is below 79%:

    # tpacpi-bat -s ST 1 79 # Start charging if battery below 79%
    # tpacpi-bat -s SP 1 80 # Stop charging if battery above 80%
    # tpacpi-bat -s IC 1 0 # Disable charging entirely

For making the changes permanent, you can edit `/etc/tlp.conf`. Please refer to the TLP article for more information and GUI tools.

## Suspend

Since BIOS version 1.30, the X1 Carbon supports S3 mode when enabled in the BIOS menu (choose "Linux" sleep mode instead of the default "Windows 10"). See #Automatic (Linux Vendor Firmware Service) for instructions to update and verify your BIOS version.

### Enabling S3

To enable S3 support, make sure you have at least BIOS version 1.30 installed. Then, go into the BIOS configuration, and Config > Power > Sleep State and set it to Linux. This should make S3 available.

Reboot and verify whether deep sleep is available, as explained in Power management/Suspend and hibernate#Changing suspend method.

### S3 Suspend Bug with Bluetooth Devices

Occasionally your Thinkpad will wake up immediately or a few seconds after suspending with certain Bluetooth devices added. To prevent this, remove the devices or disable Bluetooth before suspending.

### Disabling the memory card reader

You might also need to disable the Realtek memory card reader (which appears to use a constant 2-3 W) either via the BIOS or via

    # printf 2-3 > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind

### BIOS configurations

In Config > Thunderbolt BIOS Assist Mode set to Enabled. When disabled, on Linux, power usage appears to be significantly higher because of a substantial number of CPU wakeups during s2idle.

### Suspend fails

If the machine starts entering suspend but comes back online immediately when anything is plugged through USB-C, showing the following errors:

    # journalctl -p err -u systemd-suspend

    Failed to suspend system. System resumed again: Device or resource busy

    # dmesg -Tl err

    [Mon Nov 11 20:18:03 2019] PM: pci_pm_suspend(): hcd_pci_suspend+0x0/0x30 returns -16
    [Mon Nov 11 20:18:03 2019] PM: dpm_run_callback(): pci_pm_suspend+0x0/0x130 returns -16
    [Mon Nov 11 20:18:03 2019] PM: Device 0000:00:14.0 failed to suspend async: error -16
    [Mon Nov 11 20:18:04 2019] PM: Some devices failed to suspend, or early wake event detected

Block USB devices from waking up the computer.

Check that `grep XHC /proc/acpi/wakeup` shows `enabled`. If yes, disable XHC wakeup with:

    # echo XHC > /proc/acpi/wakeup

One you have verified this fixes the issue, create the following systemd unit file and enable the service.

    [Unit]
    Description=Fixes failing suspend by disabling wakeup through USB

    [Service]
    ExecStart=/bin/bash -c 'grep --silent '^XHC.*disabled' /proc/acpi/wakeup || echo XHC > /proc/acpi/wakeup'
    Type=oneshot
    RemainAfterExit=yes

    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

## Power management/Throttling

Due to wrong configured power management registers the CPU may consume a lot less power than under Windows and the thermal throttling occurs at 80°C (97°C when using Windows, see T480s throttling bug).

There is a post in the official Lenovo forum to inform Lenovo about this issue.

### Using thermald

A fix has reportedly been applied in thermald 2.4.3 according to this long running discussion. The aforementioned thread also contains links to the patch which was developed by Lenovo.

As of thermald 2.4.3 and Linux 5.12 it appears to be enough to just use thermald with no further workarounds.

### Using throttled

Alternatively, a package has been written to address the problem until Lenovo completes the OS agnostic fix for the X1C6.

Install throttled, then start/enable `throttled.service`

The script also supports more advance thermal/performance features including CPU undervolting. See the repository `README.md` for details.

Note If you installed thermald, it may conflict with the throttling fix in this package. Consider disabling it.

## Audio

### Microphone distorted due to automatic adjustment

If your microphone volume creeps up automatically and causes the sound to be distorted, you can fix it by disabling mic boost. See Pulse Audio for details.

### Built-in speakers low volume

If your ThinkPad X1 Carbon (Gen 6) built-in speakers are limited to a maximum of about 20% volume even though the volume is set at 100%, try adding the following parameter to the `snd_hda_intel` module, which can be set through a file in `/etc/modprobe.d/`, e.g.:

    /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

    options snd-hda-intel model=nofixup

Note This stops the LEDs on the mute and mic-mute buttons from working.

## Mobile broadband

ThinkPad X1 Carbon (Gen 6) is exclusively shipped with a Fibocom L850-GL LTE WWAN modem, which is currently not supported out of the box under Linux.

It is normally impossible to swap the LTE modem for a supported one due to BIOS-level restrictions ("whitelists" of allowed M.2 expansion cards) implemented in all modern Lenovo laptops. However, a method has been found to configure any Sierra Wireless EM73xx/EM74xx modem to "evade" the whitelist checks, so these modems can be used normally.

Take a look at ThinkPad mobile internet: Getting around BIOS-level whitelist restrictions for instructions.

See also the work done in github: Tools for the Fibocom L850-GL / Intel XMM7360 LTE modem, github: Kernel module for Fibocom L850-GL / Intel XMM7360 LTE modem and Lenovo Forums: WWAN Fibocom L850-GL and Linux support.

See also MBIM-Switch and kernel-module.

### WWAN / LTE GUI

Install NetworkManager and network-manager-applet to make your life easier founding the correct APN for your SIM card.

## Function keys

- `Fn+4` sends `XF86Sleep` (puts computer to sleep by default)
- `Fn+S` sends `Alt_L+Sys_Req`
- `Fn+P` sends `Pause`
- `Fn+B` sends `Control_L+Break`
- `Fn+K` sends `Scroll_Lock`
- `Fn+Space` toggles the keyboard backlight
- The function key by itself sends `XF86WakeUp` (wakes computer from sleep by default)

### Special buttons

See Laptop/Lenovo#Special buttons.

### Disabling red LED in ThinkPad logo

To disable the red LED in the ThinkPad logo on the cover:

1. Enable writing to the embedded controller registers by adding the kernel parameter `ec_sys.write_support=1`.
2. Then, you can disable directly the LED with this command:

    # printf '\x0a' | dd of=/sys/kernel/debug/ec/ec0/io bs=1 seek=12 count=1 conv=notrunc 2> /dev/null

To disable the LED at startup, you can create a systemd service:

    /etc/systemd/system/led.service

    Description=Disabling ThinkPad LED

    [Service]
    ExecStart=sh -c "printf '\x0a' | dd of=/sys/kernel/debug/ec/ec0/io bs=1 seek=12 count=1 conv=notrunc 2> /dev/null"

    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

Enable/start `led.service`

## Graphics

### Intel GPU firmware

On Wayland enabling GuC/HuC firmware loading can cause issues with the GPU hanging. These issues can be reflected by various crashes or freezes of graphical processes.

In dmesg the following can be observed:

    kernel: [drm] GPU HANG: ecode 9:0:0x85dffffd, in chrome [18418], reason: hang on rcs0, action: reset
    kernel: [drm] GPU hangs can indicate a bug anywhere in the entire gfx stack, including userspace.
    kernel: [drm] Please file a _new_ bug report on bugs.freedesktop.org against DRI -> DRM/Intel
    kernel: [drm] drm/i915 developers can then reassign to the right component if it's not a kernel issue.
    kernel: [drm] The gpu crash dump is required to analyze gpu hangs, so please always attach it.
    kernel: [drm] GPU crash dump saved to /sys/class/drm/card0/error
    kernel: i915 0000:00:02.0: Resetting rcs0 for hang on rcs0

Do not enable GuC / HuC firmware loading, at least on Wayland. See https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=108717.

### Screen tearing

See Intel graphics#Tearing.

### HDR display color calibration

For models with the 1440p HDR display, the default color profile can be corrected under Gnome using an ICC calibration provided by notebookcheck.net's review.

    $ wget https://www.notebookcheck.net/uploads/tx_nbc2/B140QAN02_0.icm
    $ colormgr import-profile B140QAN02_0.icm

This will import the ICC profile, and next you will need to activate it for your display. Find your display's object path:

    $ colormgr get-devices | sed -rn 's/Object Path:\s*(.*eDP1.*)/\1/p'

And your new color profile object path:

    $ colormgr get-profiles | grep -4 -i B140QAN02

And finally activate the profile and set it as the default for this display:

    $ colormgr device-add-profile <device object id> <profile object id>
    $ colormgr device-make-profile-default <device object id> <profile object id>

You can verify the profile is active by running `colormgr get-devices`.

## TrackPoint and Touchpad issues

Some models of the 6th generation X1 Carbon seem to have issues with the TrackPoint and Touchpad working at the same time.

To get the TrackPoint and Touchpad to work at the same time, add `synaptics_intertouch=1` to the `psmouse` kernel module options:

    /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf

    options psmouse synaptics_intertouch=1

When using TLP with default power saving settings, there might be occasional hiccups such as dropouts of tap-to-click functionality for the Touchpad, as well as the TrackPoint not surviving suspends and needing to be re-initialized.

Reconnecting a dead trackpad can be done via the following command:

    # printf none > /sys/bus/serio/devices/serio1/drvctl
    # printf reconnect > /sys/bus/serio/devices/serio1/drvctl

## Thunderbolt dock

### Plugable USB-C Mini Docking Station with 85W Power Delivery UD-CAM

If you are using an external plugable UD-CAM thunderbolt dock connected to the laptop through its USB-C thunderbolt port, you might experience random disconnections (external monitor, bluetooth and ethernet) with this kind of error in dmesg :

    pcieport 0000:05:00.0: BAR 13: no space for [io  size 0x3000]

It should be noted that bolt is not working with this UD-CAM dock.

To avoid random disconnection, proceed as followed by editing the bios and TLP

#### Bios settings

You should then look at your bios settings :

- Wake by thunderbolt : enable
- Security level : no security
- Pre-boot ACL option : enable

#### TLP blacklisting devices from USB autosuspend

If you are using TLP you have to edit `/etc/tlp.conf` and make sure that you exclude all dock devices from USB autosuspend as follow:

    USB_DENYLIST=="0000:1111 2222:3333 4444:5555"

Then reboot and your dock should work correctly.

### Lenovo dock

Some problems can be caused by outdated dock firmware. Updates are not supplied by LVFS, use "Firmware for Windows" from the dock support page.

### DisplayLink

If you want to continue using the Intel graphics for your primary and HDMI displays, change its config file numerical prefix so that it precedes the DisplayLink configuration. For example, rather than naming it `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf` instead name it `/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/19-intel.conf`.

## Full-disk encryption

### OPAL: Hardware based full-disk encryption

See Self-encrypting drives (Confirmed working)

## NVMe disk failure

There is an issue with the NVMe disk installed in ThinkPad X1 Carbon (Gen 6) resulting in device failure. Be sure to update firmware or reach out to Lenovo support for replacement.

## See also

- T480s throttling bug, affects X1C6 as well
- Lenovo forums: T480s low cTDP and trip temperature in Linux
- Thread: TrackPoint/Touchpad issues, 20KG model
- StackExchange: Success with enabling RMI4 config flags for Touchpad and TrackPoint
- Kernel patch - Input: elantech - add support for SMBus devices
- Kernel patch - Input: synaptics - add Lenovo 80 series ids to SMBus
- https://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/ThinkWiki
- ThinkWiki X1 Carbon 6th Gen page
- Benjamin Tissoires, kernel maintainer of peripherals, has explained how input bugs get fixed in his talk Tools to debug a broken input device (Slides), especially interesting are slides 16 onward.
- Dell XPS 13 9370 quirks: Some pointers on getting Watt usage down to ~2W, Intel video powersaving features might be interesting, see also the Intel graphics page for interesting power-saving options.
- Dell XPS 13 (9360): Shares some hardware with the X1C6
- Intel Blog: Best practice to debug Linux* suspend/hibernate issues[dead link 2023-09-16—HTTP 404], including the pm-graph tool to analyze power usage during suspend
- A comprehensive example Arch install for the X1C6

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