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# pacman/Rosetta

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< Pacman

This page uses a table to display the correspondence of package management commands among some of the most popular Linux distributions. The original inspiration was given by openSUSE's Software Management Command Line Comparison.

Tip Arch users having to temporarily deal with another Linux distribution can use pacapt, a simple wrapper around other package managers.

## Basic operations

Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Search for package(s). What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. | `pacman -Ss` | `dnf search` | `apt search` | `zypper search` or `zypper se [-s]` | `emerge --search` (`-s`) or `emerge --searchdesc` (`-S`)
Install package(s) by name | `pacman -S` | `dnf install` | `apt install` | `zypper install` or `zypper in` | `emerge`
Only print the targets instead of performing the actual operation | `pacman -p` (or `--print`) | `dnf --setopt=tsflags=test` | `apt --simulate` (or `-s`, `--dry-run`, `--just-print`) | `zypper --dry-run` | `emerge --pretend` (`-p`)
Toggle the manual confirmations | `pacman --confirm` or `pacman --noconfirm` | `dnf --assumeyes` (`-y`) or `dnf --assumeno` | `apt --yes` (`-y`) | `zypper --non-interactive` (`-n`) or `zypper --no-confirm` (`-y`) | `emerge --ask` (`-a`)
Refresh the local package repository | `pacman -Sy` (see the warnings about partial updates) | `dnf check-update` or `dnf makecache` or `dnf upgrade` (built-in auto function) | `apt update` | `zypper refresh` or `zypper ref` `[-s]` | `emerge --sync`
Upgrade Packages - Install packages which have an older version already installed | `pacman -Syu` | `dnf upgrade` | `apt upgrade` | `zypper update` or `zypper up` | `emerge -[a]uDN @world`
Upgrade Packages - Another form of the update command, which can perform more complex updates -- like distribution upgrades. When the usual update command will omit package updates, which include changes in dependencies, this command can perform those updates. | `pacman -Syu` | `dnf distro-sync` | `apt dist-upgrade` | `zypper dup` | `emerge -[a]uDN @world`
Remove a package(s) and all dependencies by name | `pacman -Rs` | `dnf remove` | `apt autoremove` | `zypper remove` or `zypper rm` | `emerge --depclean` (`-c`)
Remove a package(s) and its configuration files | `pacman -Rn` | ? | `apt purge` | ? | n/a
Remove a package(s) and all dependencies and configuration files | `pacman -Rns` | ? | `apt autoremove --purge` | ? | n/a
Remove dependencies that are no longer needed (orphans), because e.g. the package which needed the dependencies was removed. | `pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs -` (`-Qdttq` to also remove optional deps) | `dnf autoremove` | `apt autoremove` | `zypper rm -u` (just for removing a package) or `zypper packages --unneeded` (listing only) | `emerge --depclean` (`-c`)
Remove packages no longer included in any repositories. | `pacman -Qmq | pacman -Rs -` | `dnf repoquery --extras` | `aptitude purge '~o'` |  | ?
Mark a package previously installed as a dependency as explicitly required. | `pacman -D --asexplicit` | `dnf mark install` | `apt-mark manual` | `zypper install --force` (workaround which needs to reinstall the package) | `emerge --select` (`-w`)
Install package(s) as dependency / without marking as explicitly required. | `pacman -S --asdeps` | `dnf install` and then `dnf mark remove` | `apt-mark auto` | n/a (feature request + workaround) | `emerge --oneshot` (`-1`)
Only downloads the given package(s) without unpacking or installing them | `pacman -Sw` | `dnf download` | `apt install --download-only` (into the package cache) or `apt download` (bypass the package cache) | `zypper --download-only` | `emerge --fetchonly` (`-f`)
Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. | `pacman -Sc` or `pacman -Scc` | `dnf clean all` | `apt autoclean` removes only unneeded, obsolete information or `apt clean` | `zypper clean` | `eclean distfiles`
Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session |  | `dnf shell` |  | `zypper shell` |
Show a log of actions taken by the software management. | read `/var/log/pacman.log` | `dnf history` | read `/var/log/dpkg.log` | read `/var/log/zypp/history` or `zypper-log` provided by an additional package | read `/var/log/portage`
Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.) | see `/var/lib/pacman/local` | see `/var/lib/rpm/Packages` | `apt-cache stats` |  | `emerge --info`
e-mail delivery of package changes |  |  | `apt install apt-listchanges` |  | `eselect news read`

## Querying specific packages

Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other. | `pacman -Si` or `pacman -Qi` | `dnf list` or `dnf info` | `apt show` or `apt-cache policy` | `zypper info` or `zypper if` | `emerge -S`, `emerge -pv` or `eix`
Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc. | `pacman -Qi` | `rpm -qi` / `dnf info installed` | `dpkg -s` or `aptitude show` | `zypper --no-remote info` or `rpm -qi` | `emerge -pv` or `emerge -S`
Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc. | `pacman -Si` | `dnf info` | `apt-cache show` or `aptitude show` | `zypper info` | `emerge -pv` and `emerge -S` or `equery meta`
Display files provided by local package | `pacman -Ql` | `rpm -ql` | `dpkg -L` | `rpm -ql` | `equery files` or `qlist`
Display files provided by a remote package | `pacman -Fl` | `dnf repoquery -l` or `repoquery -l` (from package yum-utils) | `apt-file list` |  | `pfl`
Query the package which provides FILE | `pacman -Qo` | `rpm -qf` (installed only) or `dnf provides` (everything) or `repoquery -f` (from package yum-utils) | `dpkg -S` or `dlocate` | `rpm -qf` (installed only) or `zypper search -f` (everything) | `equery belongs` or `qfile`
List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands. | `pacman -Ql` or `pacman -Fl` | `dnf repoquery -l` | `dpkg-query -L` | `rpm -ql` | `equery files` or `qlist`
Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command. | `pacman -F` | `dnf provides` | `apt-file search` | `zypper what-provides` or `zypper wp` (exact match) or `zypper se --provides` (fuzzy match) | `equery belongs` (only installed packages) or `pfl`
Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. | `pacman -F` | `dnf provides` | `apt-file search` or `auto-apt` is using this functionality. | `zypper search -f` | `equery belongs` or `qfile`
Show the changelog of a package | `pacman -Qc` | `dnf changelog` | `apt-get changelog` | `rpm -q --changelog` | `equery changes -f`

## Querying package lists

Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. | `pacman -Ss` | `dnf search` | `apt search` | `zypper search` or `zypper se -s` | `emerge -S` or `eix`
Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options. | `pacman -Qu` | `dnf list updates` or `dnf check-update` | `apt list --upgradable` | `zypper list-updates` or `zypper patch-check` (just for patches) | `emerge -uDNp @world`
Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source. | `pacman -Sl` | `dnf list available` | `apt-cache dumpavail` or `apt-cache dump` (Cache only) or `apt-cache pkgnames` | `zypper packages` | `portageq all_best_visible /`
Generates a list of installed packages | `pacman -Q` | `dnf list installed` | `dpkg --list | grep ^i` | `zypper packages --installed-only` | `qlist -IC`
List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore). | `pacman -Qm` | `dnf list extras` | `apt --installed list | grep ,local` | `zypper packages --installed-only --orphaned` | `eix-test-obsolete`
List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it. |  | `dnf list recent` | `aptitude search '~N'` or `aptitude forget-new` |  | `eix-diff`
List installed local packages along with version | `pacman -Q` | `rpm -qa` | `dpkg -l` or `apt list --installed` | `zypper search -si` or `rpm -qa` | `qlist -ICv`
Search locally installed package for names or descriptions | `pacman -Qs` | `rpm -qa '*<str>*'` | `aptitude search '~i(~n $name|~d $description)'` | `zypper search --installed-only --search-descriptions` | `eix -S -I`
List packages not required by any other package | `pacman -Qtt` | `dnf leaves` or `package-cleanup --leaves --all` | `deborphan -anp1` | `zypper packages --unneeded` | `emerge -pc`
List packages installed explicitly (not as dependencies) | `pacman -Qe` | `dnf history userinstalled` | `apt-mark showmanual` | `zypper packages --userinstalled` | `emerge -pvO @selected` or `eix --selected`
List packages installed automatically (as dependencies) | `pacman -Qd` |  | `apt-mark showauto` | `zypper packages --autoinstalled` |

## Querying package dependencies

Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse dependencies. | `pacman -Sii` or `pacman -Qii` | `dnf repoquery --alldeps --whatrequires` or `repoquery --whatrequires` | `apt-cache rdepends` or `aptitude search ~D$pattern` | `zypper search --requires` | `equery depends`
Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function. | `pacman -Si` or `pacman -Qi` | `dnf repoquery --conflicts` | `aptitude search '~C$pattern'` | `zypper search --conflicts` |
List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies. | `pacman -Si` or `pacman -Qi` | `dnf repoquery --requires` or `repoquery -R` | `apt-cache depends` or `apt-cache show` | `zypper info --requires` | `emerge -ep`
List what the current package provides | `pacman -Sii` or `pacman -Qii` | `dnf repoquery --provides` | `dpkg -s` or `aptitude show` | `zypper info --provides` | `equery files` or `qlist`
List all packages that require a particular package | `pacman -Sii` | `dnf repoquery --installed --alldeps --whatrequires` | `aptitude search ~D{depends,recommends,suggests}:$pattern` or `aptitude why` or `apt-cache rdepends` | `zypper search --requires` | `equery depends -a`
Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes. | `pacman -Si` or `pacman -Qi` | `dnf list obsoletes` | `apt-cache show` | `zypper info --obsoletes` |
Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s). |  |  | `apt-cache dotty` |  |

## Installation sources management

Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Installation sources management | edit `/etc/pacman.conf` | edit `/etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo` | edit `/etc/apt/sources.list` | edit `/etc/zypp/repos.d/${REPO}.repo` | `layman` or `eselect repository`
Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source. | edit `/etc/pacman.conf` | `dnf config-manager` | `apt-cdrom add` | `zypper ar <URL or .repo file>` | `layman` or `overlays`
Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources. | `pacman -Sy` (always upgrade the whole system afterwards) | `dnf clean expire-cache` and then `dnf check-update` | `apt-get update` | `zypper refresh` or `zypper ref` `-s` | `emerge --sync` or `layman -S`
Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc. | `cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` | `cat /etc/yum.repos.d/*` | `apt-cache policy` | `zypper repos` or `zypper lr` `--uri --alias` | `layman -l` or `eselect repository list`
List all packages from a certain repo | `paclist <repo>` |  |  | `zypper packages -r <repo>` or `zypper pa -r <repo>` | `eix --in-overlay`
Disable an installation source for an operation |  | `dnf --disablerepo=` |  |  | `emerge package::repo-to-use`
Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed. | `pacman -S repo_name/package` | `dnf --releasever=` | `apt-get install -t release package` or `apt-get install package/release` (dependencies not covered) | `zypper install -r <repo> package` | `echo "category/package ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords` and then `emerge package`

## Overrides

Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed | edit `/etc/pacman.conf` modifying IgnorePkg array | edit `dnf.conf` adding/amending the `exclude` option | `apt-mark hold pkg` | `zypper al` or put package name in `/etc/zypp/locks` | `/etc/portage/package.mask`
Delete a package lock rule | edit `/etc/pacman.conf` removing package from IgnorePkg line |  | `apt-mark unhold pkg` | `zypper rl` or remove package name from `/etc/zypp/locks` | `/etc/portage/package.mask` (or `package.unmask`)
Show a listing of all lock rules | `cat /etc/pacman.conf` |  | `/etc/apt/preferences` | `zypper ll` or view `/etc/zypp/locks` | `cat /etc/portage/package.mask`
Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source. | edit `/etc/pacman.conf` modifying HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays |  | `/etc/apt/preferences`, `apt-cache policy` | `zypper mr -p` | edit `/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords` adding a line with `=category/package-version`
Remove a previously set priority |  |  | `/etc/apt/preferences` | `zypper mr -p` | edit `/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords` removing offending line
Show a list of set priorities |  |  | `apt-cache policy` or `/etc/apt/preferences` | `zypper lr -p` | `grep -r . /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords`

## Verification and repair

Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Verify single package | `pacman -Qk` (can add another `k`) | `rpm -V` | `debsums` | `rpm -V` | `equery check`
Verify all packages | `pacman -Qk` (can add another `k`) | `rpm -Va` | `debsums` | `rpm -Va` | `equery check`
Reinstall given package; this will reinstall the given package without dependency hassle | `pacman -S` | `dnf reinstall` | `apt install --reinstall` | `zypper install --force` | `emerge -1O`
Verify dependencies of the complete system; used if installation process was forcefully killed | `pacman -Dk` | `dnf repoquery --requires` | `apt-get check` | `zypper verify` | `emerge -uDN @world`
Use some magic to fix broken dependencies in a system | for pacman dependency level, use `pacman -Dk`; for shared library level, use findbrokenpkgsAUR or `lddd` (from devtools) | `dnf repoquery --unsatisfied` | `apt-get --fix-broken` and then `aptitude install` | `zypper verify` | `revdep-rebuild`
Add a checkpoint to the package system for later rollback |  | (unnecessary, it is done on every transaction) |  | n/a |
Remove a checkpoint from the system | n/a | n/a |  | n/a |
Provide a list of all system checkpoints | n/a | `dnf history list` |  | n/a |
Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint | n/a | `dnf history rollback` |  | n/a |
Undo a single specified transaction | n/a | `dnf history undo` |  | n/a |

## Using package files and building packages

Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SLES/openSUSE | Gentoo
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database | `pacman -Qp` | `rpm -qp` | `dpkg -I` |  |
List the contents of a package file | `pacman -Qpl` | `rpmls rpm -qpl` | `dpkg -c` | `rpm -qpl` |
Install local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies | `pacman -U` | `dnf install` | `dpkg -i` | `zypper in` | `emerge`
Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies | `pacman -U` | `dnf upgrade` | `debi` |  | `emerge`
Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes. | `cp package-filename /var/cache/pacman/pkg/` |  | `apt-cache add package-filename` | n/a | `cp package-filename /usr/portage/distfiles`
Extract a package | `tar -xvf` | `rpm2cpio | cpio -vid` | `dpkg-deb -x` | `rpm2cpio | cpio -vid` | `tar -jxvf`
Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package | Use ABS and `makepkg -seoc` | `dnf builddep` | `apt-get build-dep` | `zypper si -d` | `emerge -o`
Display the source package to the given package name(s) |  | `dnf repoquery -s` | `apt-cache showsrc` | n/a |
Download the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s) | Use ABS and `makepkg -o` | `dnf download --source` | `apt-get source` or `debcheckout` | `zypper source-install` | `emerge --fetchonly`
Build a package, checking and installing required dependencies first | `makepkg -s` | `rpmbuild -ba` (normal) or mock (in chroot) | `debuild` | `rpmbuild -ba`, then build, and then `osc build` | `ebuild` or `quickpkg`
Check for possible packaging issues | namcap (requires namcap) | rpmlint | lintian | rpmlint | repoman

## Log file rotation

By default, Arch Linux does not rotate `pacman.log`. See, for example, FS#11272 and FS#20428#comment66480. This is in contrast to the default policy of most other Linux distributions. Some distributions, notably Gentoo, hardly write log files by default.

## See also

- Changes in DNF CLI compared to Yum

Category:

- Package manager

pacman/Rosetta
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