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# Common Access Card

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This page explains how to setup Arch to use a US Department of Defense Common Access Card (CAC).

## Installation

Install ccid and opensc.

### Configuration

Note You should not have to edit your opensc configuration files by default. You should check all other setup items first (e.g. certificate imports)

If your card reader does not have a pin pad, append `enable_pinpad = false` to `/etc/opensc.conf`.

Sometimes opensc can struggle to identify the proper driver for CAC, instead it may choose PIV or something else. You can force the CAC driver by editing `/etc/opensc.conf` for `card_drivers = cac` and `force_card_driver = cac`

## Enable pcscd

Start and enable `pcscd.socket`.

## Configure browser

1. Go to: https://www.cyber.mil/pki-pke/document-library
2. Download certs: "PKI CA Certificate Bundles: PKCS#7 For DoD PKI Only - Version 5.14" (ZIP Download)
3. Unzip the DoD PKI zip
4. Follow browser-specific instructions

### Firefox

#### Load security device

Navigate to Edit > Preference > Advanced > Certificates > Security Devices and click "Load" to load a module using `/usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so` or `/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so`.

Note Firefox may report the module did not load correctly however you will have to check in the security devices to confirm whether the module properly loaded or not

#### Import the DoD Certificates

Install the certificates from the mentioned zip-file in this order, by going to Edit > Preference > Advanced > Certificates > View Certificates > Authorities > Import (make sure to at-least check the box for "Trust this CA to identify websites"):

Note As of the 5.13 version of the certificate zip

1. Certificates_PKCS7_v5_13_DoD_der.p7b
2. Certificates_PKCS7_v5_13_DoD_DoD_Root_CA_3_der.p7b
3. Certificates_PKCS7_v5_13_DoD_DoD_Root_CA_4_der.p7b
4. Certificates_PKCS7_v5_13_DoD_DoD_Root_CA_5_der.p7b
5. Certificates_PKCS7_v5_13_DoD_DoD_Root_CA_6_der.p7b
6. DOD_PKE_Chain.pem

### Chromium/Google Chrome

1. Add the CAC Module to the NSS DB.

Ensure that your CAC is connected, that Chromium is closed and enter the following in a terminal: `$ modutil -dbdir sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb/ -add "CAC Module" -libfile /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so`

Note You may see the message 'Failure to load dynamic library'. This can be ignored.

Upon success you will see "Module "CAC Module" added to database."

2. Check if the CAC Module was successfully added with `$ modutil -dbdir sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb/ -list`

3. Navigate (in a shell) to the location of the unzipped DoD PKI files and install via:

     for n in *der.p7b; do certutil -d sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb -A -t TC -n $n -i $n; done

or

Re-open Chrome, Navigate to Settings > Show Advanced Settings > Manage Certificates > Authorities to load CA bundle from the PEM-formatted file from above.

4. Verify the authority is in Chrome under Settings > Show Advanced Settings > Manage Certificates > Authorities then expand "org-U.S. Government" and you should see a number of "DoD" certificates listed.

## VMware/Omnissa Horizon Client

Please note that Omnissa purchased the horizon-view solution from VMware.

### Omnissa:

Install omnissa-horizon-clientAUR, and omnissa-horizon-usbAUR. To integrate CAC authentication with the VMware Horizon Client, create the directory `/usr/lib/omnissa/horizon/pkcs11` and link the pkcs11 library:

    # ln -s /usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so /usr/lib/omnissa/horizon/pkcs11/libopenscpkcs11.so

Also create the following symlinks to enable ssl_3.4.0.

    # ln -sf /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.3 /usr/lib/omnissa/libcrypto.so.3
    # ln -sf /usr/lib/libssl.so.3 /usr/lib/omnissa/libssl.so.3

### VMware:

Install vmware-horizon-clientAUR, vmware-horizon-usbAUR, and vmware-horizon-smartcardAUR. Start and enable `vmware-horizon-usb.service`.

To integrate CAC authentication with the VMware Horizon Client, create the directory `/usr/lib/vmware/view/pkcs11` and link the pkcs11 library:

    # ln -s /usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so /usr/lib/vmware/view/pkcs11/libopenscpkcs11.so

Also create the following symlinks to enable ssl_3.4.0

    # ln -sf /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.3 /usr/lib/vmware/libcrypto.so.3
    # ln -sf /usr/lib/libssl.so.3 /usr/lib/vmware/libssl.so.3

## Testing

Visit your favorite CAC secured web page and you should be asked for the Master Password for your certificate. Enter it and if you get in, you know it is working.

If some sites/pages seem to have a problem working correctly (e.g. outlook web access will not authenticate the session for DoD webmail) try using a private/incognito session to test validity of the cert chain and remove some variables.

If you would like to manually query the certificates on a PIN enabled CAC/SmartCard, use the following command:

    $ p11tool --login --provider=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so --list-all-certs -d 100

## Debugging

### opensc-tool

Most of this information was found in a blog post by Firas Kraïem

Verify opensc can see your reader:

    $ opensc-tool --list-readers

    # Detected readers (pcsc)
    Nr.  Card  Features  Name
    0    Yes            Generic USB2.0-CRW [Smart Card Reader Interface] (20070818000000000) 00 00

List plugged in card:

    $ opensc-tool --reader 0 --name

    Personal Identity Verification Card

List plugged in card and drive in use:

    $ opensc-tool --reader 0 --name -v

    Connecting to card in reader Generic USB2.0-CRW [Smart Card Reader Interface] (20070818000000000) 00 00...
    Using card driver Personal Identity Verification Card.
    Card name: Personal Identity Verification Card

### pcsc-tools

An other option is pcsc-tools. The program `pcsc_scan` may be helpful

    $ pcsc_scan

    PC/SC device scanner
    V 1.4.21 (c) 2001-2011, Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
    Compiled with PC/SC lite version: 1.8.6
    Using reader plug'n play mechanism
    Scanning present readers...
    0: Dell Dell Smart Card Reader Keyboard 00 00

    Thu Sep  5 10:41:53 2013
    Reader 0: Dell Dell Smart Card Reader Keyboard 00 00
      Card state: Card removed,

    Thu Sep  5 10:41:58 2013
    Reader 0: Dell Dell Smart Card Reader Keyboard 00 00
      Card state: Card inserted,
      ATR: 3B DB 96 00 80 1F 03 00 31 C0 64 B0 F3 10 00 07 90 00 80

    ATR: 3B DB 96 00 80 1F 03 00 31 C0 64 B0 F3 10 00 07 90 00 80
    + TS = 3B --> Direct Convention
    + T0 = DB, Y(1): 1101, K: 11 (historical bytes)
      TA(1) = 96 --> Fi=512, Di=32, 16 cycles/ETU
        250000 bits/s at 4 MHz, fMax for Fi = 5 MHz => 312500 bits/s
      TC(1) = 00 --> Extra guard time: 0
      TD(1) = 80 --> Y(i+1) = 1000, Protocol T = 0
    -----
      TD(2) = 1F --> Y(i+1) = 0001, Protocol T = 15 - Global interface bytes following
    -----
      TA(3) = 03 --> Clock stop: not supported - Class accepted by the card: (3G) A 5V B 3V
    + Historical bytes: 00 31 C0 64 B0 F3 10 00 07 90 00
      Category indicator byte: 00 (compact TLV data object)
        Tag: 3, len: 1 (card service data byte)
          Card service data byte: C0
            - Application selection: by full DF name
            - Application selection: by partial DF name
            - EF.DIR and EF.ATR access services: by GET RECORD(s) command
            - Card with MF
        Tag: 6, len: 4 (pre-issuing data)
         Data: B0 F3 10 00
        Mandatory status indicator (3 last bytes)
          LCS (life card cycle): 07 (Operational state (activated))
          SW: 9000 (Normal processing.)
    + TCK = 80 (correct checksum)

    Possibly identified card (using /usr/share/pcsc/smartcard_list.txt):
    3B DB 96 00 80 1F 03 00 31 C0 64 B0 F3 10 00 07 90 00 80
    	DoD CAC, Oberthur ID One 128 v5.5 Dual

## See also

- PIV Usage Guides[dead link 2023-09-16—HTTP 404]

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