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scikits.statsmodels.tsa.filters.hpfilter

scikits.statsmodels.tsa.filters.hpfilter(X, lamb=1600)

Hodrick-Prescott filter

Parameters :

X : array-like

The 1d ndarray timeseries to filter of length (nobs,) or (nobs,1)

lamb : float

The Hodrick-Prescott smoothing parameter. A value of 1600 is suggested for quarterly data. Ravn and Uhlig suggest using a value of 6.25 (1600/4**4) for annual data and 129600 (1600*3**4) for monthly data.

Returns :

cycle : array

The estimated cycle in the data given lamb.

trend : array

The estimated trend in the data given lamb.

Notes

The HP filter removes a smooth trend, T, from the data X. by solving

min sum((X[t] - T[t])**2 + lamb*((T[t+1] - T[t]) - (T[t] - T[t-1]))**2)
T t

Here we implemented the HP filter as a ridge-regression rule using scipy.sparse. In this sense, the solution can be written as

T = inv(I - lamb*K’K)X

where I is a nobs x nobs identity matrix, and K is a (nobs-2) x nobs matrix such that

K[i,j] = 1 if i == j or i == j + 2 K[i,j] = -2 if i == j + 1 K[i,j] = 0 otherwise

References

Hodrick, R.J, and E. C. Prescott. 1980. “Postwar U.S. Business Cycles: An
Empricial Investigation.” Carnegie Mellon University discussion paper no. 451.
Ravn, M.O and H. Uhlig. 2002. “Notes On Adjusted the Hodrick-Prescott
Filter for the Frequency of Observations.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(2), 371-80.

Examples

>>> import scikits.statsmodels.api as sm
>>> dta = sm.datasets.macrodata.load()
>>> X = dta.data['realgdp']
>>> cycle, trend = sm.tsa.filters.hpfilter(X,1600)

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