\newcommand or \setlength.
LATEX2e provides several new commands to help class and package
writers; these are described in detail in Section 4.
There are three things that every class file must contain:
these are a definition of \normalsize and values for \textwidth
and \textheight. So a minimal document class file
looks like this:
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{minimal}[1995/10/30 Standard LaTeX minimal class]
\renewcommand{\normalsize}{\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont}
\setlength{\textwidth}{6.5in}
\setlength{\textheight}{8in}
However, this class file will not support footnotes, marginals,
floats, etc., nor will it provide any of the 2-letter font commands
such as \rm; thus most classes will contain more than this minimum!