%************************************************
\chapter{Fundamentals}
\label{chp:fundamentals}
\minitoc\mtcskip
%************************************************

This chapter introduces the (truly simple) basic notions of \arsclassica{} and presents its fundamental ideas and peculiarities.


\section{Introduction}

The\graffito{The art of writing with \LaTeX} \arsclassica{} package changes some typographical aspects of the \classicthesis{} style, by Andr\'e Miede~\citep{miede:classicthesis,pantieri:classicthesis}. It allows to reproduce the layout of my guide \emph{The art of writing in LaTeX}~\citep{pantieri:art} (in Italian) and of the present document. The hint for this original reworking of \classicthesis{} was gave to me by Daniel Gottschlag.



\section{Use of the package}

The package is shaped for being executed on a \emph{complete} installation of \miktex{} or \texlive, and uses font freely available.

The installation of \arsclassica{} is very simple. You can download the \texttt{arsclassica.zip} file from \href{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/arsclassica/}{\texttt{CTAN}} (\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/arsclassica/}); then you will decompress it and install \texttt{arsclassica.sty} in the usual way.


The\graffito{ArsClassica requires the~2.7 version of ClassicThesis} package works with the \clsname{KOMA-Script} classes (\clsname{scrreprt}, \clsname{scrbook} and \clsname{scrartcl}) and requires the \pkgname{classicthesis} and \pkgname{classicthesis-ldpkg} packages, \emph{updated to the last version available (the~2.7)}; it must be loaded \emph{after} these last ones. It can be loaded simply by
\begin{code}
\documentclass[£*\meta{\dots\unkern}*£]{scrreprt} % or scrbook or scrartcl

\usepackage[£*\meta{\dots\unkern}*£]{classicthesis-ldpkg}
\usepackage[£*\meta{\dots\unkern}*£]{classicthesis}
\usepackage[£*\meta{\dots\unkern}*£]{arsclassica}

\begin{document}
£*\dots*£
\end{document}
\end{code}

For example, the present document has been obtained with the following code:
\begin{code}
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twoside,openright,titlepage,fleqn,%
               headinclude,,footinclude,BCOR5mm,%
               numbers=noenddot,cleardoublepage=empty,%
               tablecaptionabove]{scrreprt}

\usepackage{£*\meta{\dots\unkern}*£}
\usepackage[backref]{classicthesis-ldpkg}
\usepackage[eulerchapternumbers,subfig,beramono,%
            eulermath,pdfspacing]{classicthesis}
\usepackage{arsclassica}
\usepackage{£*\meta{\dots\unkern}*£}

\begin{document}
£*\dots*£
\end{document}
\end{code}

It is recommended, but not compulsory, to use the options \optname{beramono}, \optname{eulerchapternumbers} and \optname{eulermath} together with \arsclassica.



\section{Options of the package}

The\graffito{References of backref in Italian} \arsclassica{} package has five options available, \optname{english} (default), \optname{french}, \optname{german}, \optname{spanish}, and \optname{italian},
\begin{code}
\usepackage[£*\meta{language}*£]{arsclassica}
\end{code}
which allow to have the final bibliographical references (generated by the package \pkgname{backref}, loaded automatically from \pkgname{classicthesis-ldpkg}) and the labels of the minitocs (if the package \pkgname{minitoc} is loaded) respectively in English, French, German, Spanish, and Italian.



\section{The style}

The\graffito{The difference between ArsClassica and ClassicThesis} typographical style obtained with \arsclassica{} differs from ClassicThesis for the following aspects:
\begin{itemize}
\item use of Iwona\index{Iwona} font, by Janusz M.~Nowacki, for the titles of the sectioning units of the document (chapters, sections, subsections, sub-subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs), for the labels of description lists, for the headlines and the label of the captions (\classicthesis{} does not use any font sans serif);
\item customized chapter numbers;
\item semi-transparent headlines; the headlines are separated from the page number by a small rule;
\item captions with labels in boldface (which \classicthesis{} does not use);
\item itemize lists with semi-transparent labels;
\item index on two columns with balance;
\item space between the lines always fixed to~1.00 (\classicthesis{} sets it to~1.05, if the Palatino font is used);
\item symmetrical marginal notes (flushed right in the even pages, left in the odd ones---in twoside documents), like Bringhurst does in his \emph{Elements}~\citep{bringhurst:elements} (but not \classicthesis, which flushes the marginal notes always left).
\item ``double square'' text body  (like in version~2.3 of the style), for documents written in A4 format using Palatino font.
\end{itemize}

The\graffito{It is recommended to keep the settings of ArsClassica unchanged.} \arsclassica{} package is conceived in order to provide to the user a ready-to-use  typographical style: if you change the previous settings, you will risk to destroy the equilibrium of the style, so it is \emph{highly recommended} to keep them unchanged.

One of the principles of \LaTeX{} is that it allows the author to take no interest in the typographical questions, permitting him to focus only the structure and the contents of the document. This fact should always be taken in consideration: using a style written from others, the user accepts all the typographical settings chosen for him from the author of the style, and he is not forced to study typography in order to fix the layout of his publications. This is the case of \arsclassica{} too: if you change its settings, you will contradict this philosophy and, consequently, you must study (a lot of) typography in order to obtain acceptable results. 

The style obtained with \arsclassica{} is not therefore configurable or customizable (the only exception is the option for the language). The typographical style is something of very personal: if you are satisfied with the package and find attractive the idea to take no interest in the problem of the style definition, then you will use \arsclassica{} with satisfaction; otherwise, if you have different needs or you are not satisfied with the layout of the package, then you should try other classes or packages, even building your own style.



\section{New commands}

\subsection{Particular logos}
The\graffito{The commands \textbackslash ctLaTeX, \textbackslash ctLaTeXe, \textbackslash ctTeX} package offers the commands \cmdname{ctLaTeX}, \cmdname{ctLaTeXe} and \cmdname{ctTeX}, which allow to reproduce respectively the \LaTeX, \LaTeXe{} and \TeX{} logos correctly written in Iwona.\index{Iwona}


\subsection{Graphics with coloured background}

The\graffito{The \textbackslash arsincludegraphics command} \cmdname{arsincludegraphics} command is defined, which allows to include graphics with ``Alice Blue'' coloured background, like in Figure~\vref{fig:background}; it works like \cmdname{includegraphics}. This works, of course, only with graphics with a transparent background, such us \textsc{pdf} or some \textsc{png} files.
You might want to say 
\begin{code}
\renewcommand{\includegraphics}{\arsincludegraphics} 
\end{code}
in order that each of your included graphics has this blue background. 

In the previous versions of \arsclassica, \cmdname{arsincludegraphics} command was named \cmdname{myincludegraphics}: the old name is still  mantained (for now), but deprecated.

\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
\subfloat[][Image without background.]{\includegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{GuITlogo}}\qquad
\subfloat[][Image with background.\label{fig:background}]{\arsincludegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{GuITlogo}}
\caption[Graphics with coloured background]{Graphics with coloured background.}
\end{figure}


\section{Examples}

\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
\subfloat[Asia personas duo.]
{\includegraphics[width=.45\columnwidth]{Example_1}} \quad
\subfloat[Pan ma signo.]
{\label{fig:example-b}%
\includegraphics[width=.45\columnwidth]{Example_2}} \\
\subfloat[Methodicamente o uno.]
{\includegraphics[width=.45\columnwidth]{Example_3}} \quad
\subfloat[Titulo debitas.]
{\includegraphics[width=.45\columnwidth]{Example_4}}
\caption[Tu duo titulo debitas latente]{Tu duo titulo debitas
latente.}\label{fig:example}
\end{figure}

Lorem\graffito{Note: The content of this chapter is just some dummy text. It is not a real language.} ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis. Curabitur dictum gravida mauris. Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna. Donec vehicula augue eu neque.


\subsection*{A subsection}
\lipsum[2]

\subsubsection*{A sub-subsection}
\lipsum[3]

\paragraph{A paragraph} Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis. Curabitur dictum gravida mauris. Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna.

\bigskip

\lipsum[2]

\begin{description}
\item[Mane] Lorem\graffito{The labels of description lists are in Iwona.\index{Iwona}} ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. 
\item[Tekel] Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis. Curabitur dictum gravida mauris.
\item[Fares] Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer 
id, vulputate a, magna.
\end{description}

\begin{table}[tb]
\caption[Lorem ipsum dolor]{Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Curabitur dictum gravida mauris.}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\toprule
$p$ & $\lnot p$ \\ 
\midrule
V   & F \\ 
F   & V \\
\bottomrule 
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\lipsum[1]




