## 6 Annexes ### 6.1 Keyboard shortcuts The use of keyboard shortcuts greatly facilitates typing in and the management of the source and the preview. Their use is much more effective than the use of buttons for frequently-repeated actions. You’ll find below the shortcuts for the work in the source and those for the preview. Note that on Mac OS X, `Ctrl` actually refer to the Command key, which is the usual modifier for keyboard shortcuts. Although the keyboard shortcuts are specified with `Ctrl`, this will appear as the Command-key symbol in menus. (To refer to the actual Control key on the Mac, the shortcut file should use the name `Meta`). We also show the (proposed) shortcuts implemented in the French localisation translation of the interface. All the shortcuts can be redefined either to create new shortcuts or to modify the existing ones to match personal uses or change shortcuts not adapted to one particular computer. The list of possible actions to associate with shortcuts is given after the predefined shortcuts. To define your own shortcuts, put a file named `shortcuts.ini` in the configuration folder of the TEXworks resources folder, next to `auto-indent-patterns.txt`, `delimiter-pairs.txt`, …, `texworks-config.txt`. For example, this file could contain:
    actionHard_Wrap = Shift+F3
    actionLast_Page = Ctrl+End
    actionFirst_Page = Ctrl+Home
    actionWrap_Lines = F3
    actionLine_Numbers = F4
    actionBalance_Delimiters = F9
> The first line says that using `Shift+F3` opens the hardwrap dialog box in the source window; the second `Ctrl+End` brings you to the last page and `Ctrl+Home` (third line) to the first page; with `F3` you wrap/unwrap lines in the source, with `F4` you show/hide line numbers and with `F9` you select the text between corresponding delimiters in the source. Predefined shortcuts: For the work in the source:
> `` Short-cut | `in French` | Action
> `Ctrl+N` | `--` | New
> `Ctrl+Shift+N` | `--` | New from template
> `Ctrl+O` | `--` | Open
> `Ctrl+S` | `--` | Save
> `Ctrl+Shift+S` | `--` | Save as
> `Ctrl+W` | `--` | Close
> `Ctrl+Q` | `--` | Quit TEXworks
> `Ctrl+Z` | `--` | Undo
> `Ctrl+Shift+Z` | `--` | Redo
> `Ctrl+X` | `--` | Cut
> `Ctrl+C` | `--` | Copy
> `Ctrl+V` | `--` | Paste
> `Ctrl+F` | `--` | Search
> `Ctrl+G` | `--` | Search again
> `Ctrl+R` | `--` | Replace
> `Ctrl+E` | `--` | Copy to Find
> `Ctrl+Shift+E` | `--` | Copy to replace
> `Ctrl+L` | `--` | Go to line
> `Ctrl+H` | `--` | Find selection
> `Ctrl+=` | `--` | Show selection
> `Ctrl+A` | `--` | Select All
> `Ctrl+B` | `--` | Balance Delimiters
> `Ctrl+]` | `Ctrl+>` | Indent
> `Ctrl+[` | `Ctrl+<` | Unindent
> `Ctrl+Shift+]` | `Ctrl+(` | Comment
> `Ctrl+Shift+[` | `Ctrl+)` | Uncomment
> `Ctrl+` | `Ctrl+$` | Show/hide output panel
> `Ctrl+’` | `--` | Go to preview
> `Tab` | `--` | Auto-completion
> `Ctrl+Tab` | `--` | Move to next place holder
> moves (and selections: `Shift+`)
> `` `→` | `--` | 1 character right
> `Ctrl+``→` | `--` | 1 word right
> `` `←` | `--` | 1 character left
> `Ctrl+``←` | `--` | 1 word left
> `` `↑` | `--` | 1 line up
> `` `↓` | `--` | 1 line down
> `PgUp` | `--` | 1 screen up
> `PgDown` | `--` | 1 screen down
> `Home` | `--` | Begin of line
> `Ctrl+Home` | `--` | Begin of document
> `End` | `--` | End of line
> `Ctrl+End` | `--` | End of document
> For the work in the preview window:
> `` Short-cut | Action
> `Ctrl+N` | New
> `Ctrl+Shift+N` | New from template
> `Ctrl+O` | Open
> `Ctrl+W` | Close
> `Ctrl+Q` | Quit TEXworks
> `Ctrl+Z` | Undo
> `Ctrl+Shift+Z` | Redo
> `Ctrl+X` | Cut
> `Ctrl+C` | Copy
> `Ctrl+V` | Paste
> `Ctrl+RetArr` | Erase
> `Home` | First page
> `End` | Last page
> `PgUp` | Previous page
> `PgDown` | Next page
> `Ctrl+G` | Go to page …
> `Ctrl++` | Zoom +
> `Ctrl+-` | Zoom -
> `Ctrl+1` | Actual size
> `Ctrl+2` | Fit to width
> `Ctrl+3` | Fit to window
> `Ctrl+Shift+F` | Full screen
> `Ctrl+T` | Typeset
> `Ctrl+’` | Go to source
> Actions listed alphabetically:
> `actionAbout_TW` | `actionPaste`
> `actionActual_Size` | `actionPlace_on_Left`
> `actionAutoIndent_None` | `actionPlace_on_Right`
> `actionBalance_Delimiters` | `actionPreferences`
> `actionClear` | `actionPrevious_Page`
> `actionClose` | `actionQuit_TeXworks`
> `actionComment` | `actionRedo`
> `actionCopy` | `actionRemove_Aux_Files`
> `actionCopy_to_Find` | `actionReplace`
> `actionCopy_to_Replace` | `actionReplace_Again`
> `actionCut` | `actionRevert_to_Saved`
> `actionFind` | `actionSave`
> `actionFind_Again` | `actionSave_As`
> `actionFind_Selection` | `actionScroll`
> `actionFirst_Page` | `actionSelect_All`
> `actionFit_to_Width` | `actionShow_Hide_Console`
> `actionFit_to_Window` | `actionShow_Selection`
> `actionFont` | `actionSide_by_Side`
> `actionFull_Screen` | `actionSmartQuotes_None`
> `actionGoToHomePage` | `actionStack`
> `actionGo_to_Line` | `actionSyntaxColoring_None`
> `actionGo_to_Page` | `actionTile`
> `actionGo_to_Preview` | `actionToggle_Case`
> `actionGo_to_Source` | `actionTo_Lowercase`
> `actionHard_Wrap` | `actionTo_Uppercase`
> `actionIndent` | `actionTypeset`
> `actionLast_Page` | `actionUncomment`
> `actionLine_Numbers` | `actionUndo`
> `actionMagnify` | `actionUnindent`
> `actionNew` | `actionWrap_Lines`
> `actionNew_from_Template` | `actionWriteToMailingList`
> `actionNext_Page` | `actionZoom_In`
> `actionNone` | `actionZoom_Out`
> `actionOpen`
> Actions listed by menus:
> **** Common ****
> [File]
> `actionNew` | `actionNew_from_Template`
> `actionOpen` | `actionClose`
> `actionQuit_TeXworks`
> [Edit]
> `actionPreferences`
> [Search]
> `actionFind` | `actionFind_Again`
> [Typeset]
> `actionTypeset`
> [Windows]
> `actionTile` | `actionStack`
> `actionSide_by_Side` | `actionPlace_on_Left`
> `actionPlace_on_Right`
> [Help]
> `actionAbout_TW` | `actionGoToHomePage`
> `actionWriteToMailingList`
> **** TeX source ****
> [File]
> `actionSave` | `actionSave_As`
> `actionRevert_to_Saved` | `actionRemove_Aux_Files`
> [Edit]
> `actionUndo` | `actionRedo`
> `actionCopy` | `actionCut`
> `actionPaste` | `actionClear`
> `actionBalance_Delimiters` | `actionSelect_All`
> `actionToggle_Case` | `actionTo_Lowercase`
> `actionTo_Uppercase`
> [Search]
> `actionReplace` | `actionReplace_Again`
> `actionCopy_to_Find` | `actionCopy_to_Replace`
> `actionFind_Selection` | `actionGo_to_Line`
> `actionShow_Selection`
> [Format]
> `actionFont` | `actionIndent`
> `actionUnindent` | `actionComment`
> `actionUncomment` | `actionLine_Numbers`
> `actionWrap_Lines` | `actionHard_Wrap`
> `actionSyntaxColoring_None` | `actionAutoIndent_None`
> `actionSmartQuotes_None`
> [Windows]
> `actionGo_to_Preview` | `actionShow_Hide_Console`
> **** PDF preview ****
> [View]
> `actionActual_Size` | `actionFit_to_Width`
> `actionFit_to_Window` | `actionFirst_Page`
> `actionNext_Page` | `actionPrevious_Page`
> `actionLast_Page` | `actionGo_to_Page`
> `actionFull_Screen` | `actionMagnify`
> `actionZoom_In` | `actionZoom_Out`
> [Windows]
> `actionGo_to_Source`
> **** not in menus ****
> `actionNone` | `actionScroll`
### 6.2 Regular expressions As TEXworks is built on the base of Qt4, the regular expressions, often referred to as regexp, available are a sub-set of the one found for Qt4. See the site of Qt4 20 for more complete information. It is possible to find other information about regexps on the net 21 or from books. But pay attention that all systems (programming languages, editors,…) do not use the same set of instructions; there is no “standard set”. #### 6.2.1 Introduction When searching and replacing, one has to define the text to be found. This can be the text itself “Abracadabra”, but often it is necessary to define the strings in a more powerful way to avoid repeating the same operation many times with only small changes from one time to the next; example, one wants to replace sequences of the letter a by one o but not all of them, only the sequences of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 a; this would require repeating changing 5 times. Another example: replace the vowels by §, again 5 replace operations. Here come the regular expressions! A simple character (a or 9) represents itself. But a set of characters can be defined: [aeiou] will match any vowel, [abcdef] the letters a b c d e f; this last set can be shortened as [a-f] using “-” between the two ends of the range. To define a set not to be taken, one uses “^”: the caret negates the character set if it occurs as the first character, i.e. immediately after the opening square bracket. [^abc] matches anything except a b c. #### 6.2.2 Codes to represent special sets When using regexps, very often one has to create strings which generally represent other strings, I mean, if you are looking for a string which represents an email address, the letters and symbols will vary; still you could search for any string which corresponds to an email address (`text@text.text` – roughly). So there are abbreviations to represent letters, figures, symbols,… These codes replace and facilitate the definition of sets; for example to mean the set of digits [0-9], one can use “\d”. The following table lists the replacement codes. 22
Element | Meaning
`c` | Any character represents itself unless it has a special regexp meaning. Thus c matches the character c.
`\c` | A character that follows a backslash matches the character itself except where mentioned below. For example if you wished to match a literal caret at the beginning of a string you would write “`^`”.
`\n` | This matches the ASCII line feed character (LF, Unix newline, used in TEXworks).
`\r` | This matches the ASCII carriage return character (CR).
`\t` | This matches the ASCII horizontal tab character (HT).
`\v` | This matches the ASCII vertical tab character (VT).
`\xhhhh` | This matches the Unicode character corresponding to the hexadecimal number hhhh (between 0x0000 and 0xFFFF). `\0ooo` (i.e., zero-ooo) matches the ASCII/Latin-1 character corresponding to the octal number ooo (between 0 and 0377).
`.` (dot) | This matches any character (including newline). So if you want to match the dot, you have to escape it “`\.`”.
`\d` | This matches a digit.
`\D` | This matches a non-digit.
`\s` | This matches a white space.
`\S` | This matches a non-white space.
`\w` | This matches a word character or “`_`”).
`\W` | This matches a non-word character.
`\n` | The n-th back-reference, e.g. `\1`, `\2`, etc.
Using these abbreviations is better than describing the set, because the abbreviations remain valid in different alphabets. Pay attention that the end of line is often taken as a white space. Under TEXworks the end of line is referred to by “`\n`”. #### 6.2.3 Repetition One doesn’t work only on unique letter, digit, symbol; most of the time these are repeated (ex.: a number is a repetition of digits and symbols – in the right order). To show the number of repetitions, one uses a so called “quantifier”: a{1,1} means at least one and only one a, a{3,7} between 3 and 7; {1,1} can be dropped, so a{1,1} = a. This can be combined with the set notation: [0-9]{1,2} will correspond to at least one digit and at most two, the integer numbers between 0 and 99. But this will match any group of 1 or 2 figures within a string; if we want that this matches the whole string (we only have 1 or 2 figures in the string) we will write the regular expression as ^[0-9]{1,2}$; here ^ says that the required string should be the first character of the string, the $ the last, so there is only one or two figures in the string (^ and $ are “assertions” – see later for more). Here a table of quantifiers.23 E represents an expression (letter, abbreviation, set).
`E?` | Matches zero or one occurrence of E. This quantifier means the previous expression is optional. It is the same as E{0,1}.
`E+` | Matches one or more occurrences of E. This is the same as `E\{1,MAXINT\}`.
`E*` | Matches zero or more occurrences of E. This is the same as E{0,MAXINT}. The * quantifier is often used by a mistake for the + quantifier. Since it matches zero or more occurrences it will match no occurrence at all.
`E{n}` | Matches exactly n occurrences of the expression. This is the same as repeating the expression n times.
`E{n,}` | Matches at least n occurrences of the expression. This is the same as E{n,MAXINT}.
`E{,m}` | Matches at most m occurrences of the expression. This is the same as E{0,m}.
`E{n,m}` | Matches at least n occurrences of the expression and at most m occurrences of the expression.
`MAXINT` depends on the implementation, minimum 1024. #### 6.2.4 Alternatives and assertions When searching, it is often necessary to search for alternatives, ex.: apple, pear, cherry, but not pineapple. To separate the alternatives, one uses |: apple|pear|cherry. But this will not prevent to find pineapple, so we have to specify that apple should be standalone, a whole word (as is often called in the search dialog boxes). To specify that a string should be considered standalone, we specify that it is surrounded by word separators/boundaries (begin/end of sentence, space), like \bapple\b. For our alternatives example we will group them by parentheses and add the boundaries \b(apple|pear|cherry)\b. Apart from \b we have already seen ^ and $. Here a table of the “assertions” which do not correspond to characters and will never be part of the result of a search. 24
`^` | The caret signifies the beginning of the string. If you wish to match a literal ^ you must escape it by writing `\^`
`$` | The dollar signifies the end of the string. If you wish to match a literal $ you must escape it by writing `\$`
`\b` | A word boundary.
`\B` | A non-word boundary. This assertion is true wherever `\b` is false.
`(?=E)` | Positive lookahead. This assertion is true if the expression matches at this point in the regexp.
`(?!E)` | Negative lookahead. This assertion is true if the expression does not match at this point in the regexp.
> Notice the different meanings of ^ as assertion and as negation inside a set! #### 6.2.5 Final notes Using rexexp is very powerful, but then also very dangerous; you could change your text at unseen places and sometimes reverting to the previous situation is not fully possible. If you immediately see the error, you could use `Ctrl+Z`. Showing how to exploit the full power of regexp would require much more than this extremely short summary; in fact it would require a full manual on it own. Also note that there are some limits in the implementation of regexps in TEXworks; in particular, the assertions (^ and $) only consider the whole file. Finally, do not forget to “tick” the regexp option when using them in the Find and Replace dialogs and to un-tick the option when not using regexps. ### 6.3 Roots for completion We give here the keywords for auto-completion as they are supplied by TEXworks. They are in the files `tw-basic.txt`, `tw-context.txt` (empty) and `tw-latex.txt` from the `<home>\TeXworks\Completion` folder. We give them in three columns: the first two show the keywords, the third the (LA)TEX code produced. In some cases there is only the code, this means that you can start to enter the (LA)TEX code and try to complete it with `[Tab]`. During completion, the system inserts line feeds and puts the cursor at the first place where one has to enter information to complete the typing. To represent the line feeds we used R and I for the input point. It is possible to see that the keywords have some coherence, the mathematical variables have a keyword starting with `x`, when they are in a mathematical environment, when they are used alone in the text you add `d` in front; for example `xa` and `dxa` for `\alpha`, if there is a capital there is a `c`, as `xo` for `\omega` and `xco` for `\Omega`. The keywords for environments start with `b`: `bali` for `align` (`b` for `\begin`). When the environment has possible options, there is one or more `o` added to the base name: `bminp` for `\begin{minipage}{}...` and `bminpo` for `\begin{minipage}[]{}...`. Keywords defined in `tw-basic.txt` (defined in TEX): ``
> `xa` | `\``xa` | `\``alpha`
> `xb` | `\``xb` | `\``beta`
> `xch` | `\``xch` | `\``chi`
> `xd` | `\``xd` | `\``delta`
> `xcd` | `\``xcd` | `\``Delta`
> `xe` | `\``xe` | `\``epsilon`
> `xve` | `\``xve` | `\``varepsilon`
> `xet` | `\``xet` | `\``eta`
> `xg` | `\``xg` | `\``gamma`
> `xcg` | `\``xcg` | `\``Gamma`
> `xio` | `\``xio` | `\``iota`
> `xl` | `\``xl` | `\``lambda`
> `xcl` | `\``xcl` | `\``Lambda`
> `xm` | `\``xm` | `\``mu`
> `xn` | `\``xn` | `\``nu`
> `xo` | `\``xo` | `\``omega`
> `xco` | `\``xco` | `\``Omega`
> `xp` | `\``xp` | `\``pi`
> `xcp` | `\``xcp` | `\``Pi`
> `xvp` | `\``xvp` | `\``varpi`
> `xph` | `\``xph` | `\``phi`
> `xcph` | `\``xcph` | `\``Phi`
> `xvph` | `\``xvph` | `\``varphi`
> `xps` | `\``xps` | `\``psi`
> `xcps` | `\``xcps` | `\``Psi`
> `xs` | `\``xs` | `\``sigma`
> `xcs` | `\``xcs` | `\``Sigma`
> `xvs` | `\``xvs` | `\``varsigma`
> `xz` | `\``xz` | `\``zeta`
> `xr` | `\``xr` | `\``rho`
> `xvr` | `\``xvr` | `\``varrho`
> `xt` | `\``xt` | `\``tau`
> `xth` | `\``xth` | `\``theta`
> `xcth` | `\``xcth` | `\``Theta`
> `xvth` | `\``xvth` | `\``vartheta`
> `xu` | `\``xu` | `\``upsilon`
> `xcu` | `\``xcu` | `\``Upsilon`
> `xx` | `\``xx` | `\``xi`
> `xcx` | `\``xcx` | `\``Xi`
> `tex` | `\``tex` | `\``TeX`
> `` | `` | `\``TeX`
> `texs` | `\``texs` | `\``TeX``\```
> `` | `` | `\``TeX``\```
> `` | `\``bsk` | `\``bigskip`
> `` | `` | `\``bigskip` `R`
> `` | `` | `\``hskip`
> `` | `` | `\``indent`
> `` | `` | `\``input`
> `` | `\``msk` | `\``medskip`
> `` | `` | `\``medskip` `R`
> `` | `` | `\``noindent`
> `` | `` | `\``par`
> `` | `\``ssk` | `\``smallskip` `R`
> `` | `` | `\``smallskip` `R`
> `` | `` | `\``scriptsize`
> `` | `` | `\``vskip`
> ``
> `` `` Keywords defined in `tw-latex.txt` (defined in TEX): ``
> `--` | `` | `\``textendash`
> `--` | `` | `\``textendash``\```
> `---` | `` | `\``textemdash`
> `---` | `` | `\``textemdash``\```
> `` | `` | `\``author{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``begin{`
> `adlen` | `\``adl` | `\``addtolength{``I``}{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``addtolength{``I``}{}`
> `adcount` | `\``adc` | `\``addtocounter{``I``}{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``addtocounter{``I``}{}`
> `barr` | `` | `\``begin{array}``RIR``\``end{array}`
> `babs` | `\``babs` | `\``begin{abstract}``RIR``\``end{abstract}`
> `bali` | `\``bali` | `\``begin{align}``RIR``\``end{align}`
> `balis` | `\``balis` | `\``begin{align*}``RIR``\``end{align*}`
> `baliat` | `\``baliat` | `\``begin{alignat}{``I``}``RR``\``end{alignat}`
> `baliats` | `\``baliats` | `\``begin{alignat*}{``I``}``RR``\``end{alignat*}`
> `balied` | `\``balied` | `\``begin{aligned}{``I``}``RR``\``end{aligned}`
> `baliedat` | `\``baliedat` | `\``begin{alignedat}``RIR``\``end{alignedat}`
> `baliedato` | `\``baliedato` | `\``begin{alignedat}[``I``]``RR``\``end{alignedat}`
> `bapp` | `\``bapp` | `\``begin{appendix}``RIR``\``end{appendix}`
> `bbmat` | `\``bbmat` | `\``begin{bmatrix}``RIR``\``end{bmatrix}`
> `bcase` | `\``bcase` | `\``begin{cases}``RIR``\``end{cases}`
> `bcent` | `\``bcent` | `\``begin{center}``RIR``\``end{center}`
> `bcenum` | `\``bcenum` | `\``begin{compactenum}``R``\``item` `RIR``\``end{compactenum}`
> `bcenumo` | `\``bcenumo` | `\``begin{compactenum}[``I``]R``\``item` `RR``\``end{compactenum}`
> `bcitem` | `\``bcitem` | `\``begin{compactitem}``R``\``item` `RIR``\``end{compactitem}`
> `bcitemo` | `\``bcitemo` | `\``begin{compactitem}[``I``]R``\``item` `RR``\``end{compactitem}`
> `bdes` | `\``bdes` | `\``begin{description}``R``\``item[``I``]``RR``\``end{description}`
> `benu` | `\``benu` | `\``begin{enumerate}``R``\``item` `RIR``\``end{enumerate}`
> `benuo` | `\``benuo` | `\``begin{enumerate}[``I``]R``\``item` `RR``\``end{enumerate}`
> `bequ` | `\``bequ` | `\``begin{equation}``RIR``\``end{equation}`
> `bequs` | `\``bequs` | `\``begin{equation*}``RIR``\``end{equation*}`
> `beqn` | `\``beqn` | `\``begin{eqnarray}``RIR``\``end{eqnarray}`
> `beqns` | `\``beqns` | `\``begin{eqnarray*}``RIR``\``end{eqnarray*}`
> `bf` | `\``bf` | `\``textbf{``I``}`
> `bfd` | `\``bfseries` | `\``bfseries`
> `bfig` | `\``bfig` | `\``begin{figure}``RIR``\``end{figure}`
> `bfigo` | `\``bfigo` | `\``begin{figure}[``I``]``RR``\``end{figure}`
> `bmult` | `` | `\``begin{multiline}``RIR``\``end{multiline}`
> `bflalig` | `\``bflalig` | `\``begin{flalign}``RIR``\``end{flalign}`
> `bflaligs` | `\``bflaligs` | `\``begin{flalign*}``RIR``\``end{flalign*}`
> `bfll` | `\``bfll` | `\``begin{flushleft}``RIR``\``end{flushleft}`
> `bflr` | `\``bflr` | `\``begin{flushright}``RIR``\``end{flushright}`
> `bgath` | `\``bgath` | `\``begin{gather}``RIR``\``end{gather}`
> `bgaths` | `\``bgaths` | `\``begin{gather*}``RIR``\``end{gather*}`
> `bgathed` | `\``bgathed` | `\``begin{gathered}``RIR``\``end{gathered}`
> `bgathedo` | `\``bgathedo` | `\``begin{gathered}[``I``]``RR``\``end{gathered}`
> `bite` | `\``bite` | `\``begin{itemize}``R``\``item` `RIR``\``end{itemize}`
> `biteo` | `\``biteo` | `\``begin{itemize}[``I``]R``\``item` `RR``\``end{itemize}`
> `biblio` | `` | `\``bibliography{``I``}`
> `bibstyle` | `\``bibstyle` | `\``bibliographystyle{``I``}`
> `blett` | `\``blett` | `\``begin{letter}{``I``}``RR``\``end{letter}`
> `blist` | `\``blist` | `\``begin{list}{``I``}{}``R``\``item` `RR``\``end{list}`
> `bminp` | `\``bminp` | `\``begin{minipage}{``I``}``RR``\``end{minipage}`
> `bminpo` | `\``bminpo` | `\``begin{minipage}[``I``]{}``RR``\``end{minipage}`
> `bmult` | `\``bmult` | `\``begin{multiline}``RIR``\``end{multiline}`
> `bmults` | `\``bmults` | `\``begin{multiline*}``RIR``\``end{multiline*}`
> `botr` | `` | `\``bottomrule` `R`
> `bpict` | `\``bpict` | `\``begin{picture}``RIR``\``end{picture}`
> `bpmat` | `\``bpmat` | `\``begin{pmatrix}``RIR``\``end{pmatrix}`
> `bquot` | `\``bquot` | `\``begin{quotation}``RIR``\``end{quotation}`
> `bquo` | `\``bquo` | `\``begin{quote}``RIR``\``end{quote}`
> `bsplit` | `\``bsplit` | `\``begin{split}``RIR``\``end{split}`
> `bsubeq` | `\``bsubeq` | `\``begin{subequations}``RIR``\``end{subequations}`
> `btab` | `\``btab` | `\``begin{tabular}{``I``}``RR``\``end{tabular}`
> `btabs` | `\``btabs` | `\``begin{tabular*}{``I``}{}``RR``\``end{tabular*}`
> `btabx` | `\``btabx` | `\``begin{tabularx}{``I``}{}``RR``\``end{tabularx}`
> `btabl` | `\``btabl` | `\``begin{table}``RIR``\``end{table}`
> `btablo` | `\``btablo` | `\``begin{table}[``I``]``RR``\``end{table}`
> `btabls` | `\``btabls` | `\``begin{table*}``RIR``\``end{table*}`
> `btablso` | `\``btablso` | `\``begin{table*}[``I``]``RR``\``end{table*}`
> `btbl` | `\``btbl` | `\``begin{table}``RIR``\``end{table}`
> `btblo` | `\``btblo` | `\``begin{table}[``I``]``RR``\``end{table}`
> `btbls` | `\``btbls` | `\``begin{table*}``RIR``\``end{table*}`
> `btblso` | `\``btblso` | `\``begin{table*}[``I``]``RR``\``end{table*}`
> `btabb` | `\``btabb` | `\``begin{tabbing}``RIR``\``end{tabbing}`
> `bbib` | `\``bbib` | `\``begin{thebibliography}{``I``}``R``\``bibitem{}` `RR``\``end{thebibliography}`
> `bindex` | `\``bindex` | `\``begin{theindex}``RIR``\``end{theindex}`
> `btheo` | `\``btheo` | `\``begin{theorem}``RIR``\``end{theorem}`
> `btitpg` | `\``btitpg` | `\``begin{titlepage}``RIR``\``end{titlepage}`
> `btrivl` | `\``btrivl` | `\``begin{trivlist}``RIR``\``end{trivlist}`
> `bvarw` | `\``bvarw` | `\``begin{varwidth}{``I``}``RR``\``end{varwidth}`
> `bverb` | `\``bverb` | `\``begin{verbatim}``RIR``\``end{verbatim}`
> `bvers` | `\``bvers` | `\``begin{verse}``RIR``\``end{verse}`
> `bibitem` | `` | `\``bibitem{``I``}``R`
> `bibitemo` | `` | `\``bibitem[``I``]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``bottomrule` `R`
> `` | `` | `\``boxed{``I``}`
> `center` | `` | `\``centering`
> `chap` | `\``chapter{``I``}` | `\``chapter{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``cite{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``citep{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``citet{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``caption{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``cdots`
> `` | `` | `\``cline{``I``}`
> `cmidr` | `` | `\``cmidrule(I){}`
> `cmidro` | `` | `\``cmidrule[``I``](){}`
> `` | `` | `\``date{``I``}``R`
> `dd` | `\``dd` | `\``(``I``\``)`
> `` | `` | `\``ddots`
> `` | `` | `\``ddot{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``dddot{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``ddddot{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``documentclass{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``documentclass[``I``]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``dots`
> `` | `` | `\``dotsc`
> `` | `` | `\``dotsb`
> `` | `` | `\``dotsm`
> `` | `` | `\``dotsi`
> `` | `` | `\``dotso`
> `em` | `\``emph{``I``}` | `\``emph{``I``}`
> `emd` | `` | `\``em`
> `` | `` | `\``end{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``eqref{``I``}`
> `foot` | `\``footnote{``I``}` | `\``footnote{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``footnotesize`
> `fbox` | `` | `\``fbox{``I``}`
> `fboxo` | `\``fboxo` | `\``framebox[``I``]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``framebox[``I``]{}`
> `fboxoo` | `\``fboxoo` | `\``framebox[``I``][]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``framebox[``I``][]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``fboxrule{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``fboxsep{``I``}`
> `geometry` | `\``geometry{}` | `\``geometry{}`
> `` | `` | `\``hline` `R`
> `` | `` | `\``hspace{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``hspace*{``I``}`
> `hw` | `` | `\``headwidth`
> `hw2tw` | `` | `\``setlength{``\``headwidth}{``\``textwidth}``R`
> `href` | `` | `\``href{``I``}{}`
> `` | `` | `\``include{``I``}``R`
> `incg` | `` | `\``includegraphics{``I``}``R`
> `incgo` | `` | `\``includegraphics[``I``]{}``R`
> `it` | `` | `\``item` `RI`
> `ito` | `` | `\``item[``I``]``R`
> `` | `` | `\``intertext{``I``}`
> `ti` | `\``ti` | `\``textasciitilde{``I``}`
> `itd` | `\``itshape` | `\``itshape`
> `latex` | `\``latex` | `\``LaTeX`
> `` | `` | `\``LaTeX`
> `latexs` | `\``latexs` | `\``LaTeX``\```
> `` | `` | `\``LaTeX``\```
> `latexe` | `\``latexe` | `\``LaTeXe`
> `` | `` | `\``LaTeXe`
> `latexes` | `\``latexes` | `\``LaTeXe``\```
> `` | `` | `\``LaTeXe``\```
> `lbl` | `\``lbl` | `\``label{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``label{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``large`
> `` | `` | `\``Large`
> `` | `` | `\``ldots`
> `listf` | `\``listf` | `\``listoffigures` `R`
> `` | `` | `\``listoffigures` `R`
> `listt` | `\``listt` | `\``listoftables` `R`
> `` | `` | `\``listoftables` `R`
> `mbf` | `\``mbf` | `\``mathbf{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``mathbf{``I``}`
> `mrm` | `\``mrm` | `\``mathrm{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``mathrm{``I``}`
> `mcal` | `\``mcal` | `\``mathcal{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``mathcal{``I``}`
> `msf` | `\``msf` | `\``mathsf{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``mathsf{``I``}`
> `mtt` | `\``mtt` | `\``mathtt{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``mathtt{``I``}`
> `mit` | `\``mit` | `\``mathit{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``mathit{``I``}`
> `mnorm` | `\``mnorm` | `\``mathnormal{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``mathnormal{``I``}`
> `mdd` | `` | `\``mdseries`
> `mbox` | `` | `\``mbox{``I``}`
> `` | `` | ``
> `mboxo` | `\``mboxo` | `\``makebox[``I``]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``makebox[``I``]{}`
> `mboxoo` | `\``mboxoo` | `\``makebox[``I``][]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``makebox[``I``][]{}`
> `mpar` | `\``mpar` | `\``marginpar{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``marginpar{``I``}`
> `midr` | `` | `\``midrule` `R`
> `multc` | `\``multc` | `\``multicolumn{``I``}{}{}`
> `multic` | `\``multic` | `\``multicolumn{``I``}{}{}`
> `` | `` | `\``multicolumn{``I``}{}{}`
> `ncol` | `\``ncol` | `&`
> `ncm` | `` | `\``newcommand{``I``}{}``R`
> `newc` | `` | `\``newcommand{``I``}{}``R`
> `ncmo` | `` | `\``newcommand{``I``}[]{}``R`
> `newco` | `` | `\``newcommand{``I``}[]{}``R`
> `ncmoo` | `` | `\``newcommand{``I``}[][]{}``R`
> `newcoo` | `` | `\``newcommand{``I``}[][]{}``R`
> `nct` | `` | `\``newcolumntype{``I``}{}`
> `newct` | `` | `\``newcolumntype{``I``}{}`
> `newpg` | `` | `\``newpage` `R`
> `npg` | `\``npg` | `\``newpage` `R`
> `nline` | `` | `\``newline` `R`
> `newlin` | `` | `\``newline` `R`
> `nlen` | `` | `\``newlength{``I``}``R`
> `newlen` | `` | `\``newlength{``I``}``R`
> `nenv` | `` | `\``newenvironment{``I``}{}{}``R`
> `newe` | `` | `\``newenvironment{``I``}{}{}``R`
> `nenvo` | `` | `\``newenvironment{``I``}[]{}{}``R`
> `neweo` | `` | `\``newenvironment{``I``}[]{}{}``R`
> `nenvoo` | `` | `\``newenvironment{``I``}[][]{}{}``R`
> `neweoo` | `` | `\``newenvironment{``I``}[][]{}{}``R`
> `newt` | `` | `\``newtheorem{``I``}{}``R`
> `newto` | `` | `\``newtheorem{``I``}{}[]``R`
> `newtoo` | `` | `\``newtheorem{``I``}[]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``nocite{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``normalsize`
> `pgref` | `` | `\``pageref{``I``}`
> `par` | `` | `\``paragraph{``I``}``R`
> `pars` | `` | `\``paragraph*{``I``}``R`
> `paro` | `` | `\``paragraph[``I``]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``pagebreak` `R`
> `pgs` | `` | `\``pagestyle{``I``}``R`
> `parbox` | `` | `\``parbox{``I``}{}`
> `parboxo` | `` | `\``parbox[``I``]{}{}`
> `pbox` | `\``pbox` | `\``parbox{``I``}{}`
> `pboxo` | `\``pboxo` | `\``parbox[``I``]{}{}`
> `pbox` | `` | `\``pbox{``I``}{}`
> `ref` | `` | `\``ref{``I``}`
> `rncm` | `` | `\``renewcommand{``I``}{}``R`
> `rnewc` | `` | `\``renewcommand{``I``}{}``R`
> `rnewco` | `` | `\``renewcommand{``I``}[]{}``R`
> `rncmo` | `` | `\``renewcommand{``I``}[]{}``R`
> `rnewcoo` | `` | `\``renewcommand{``I``}[][]{}``R`
> `rncmoo` | `` | `\``renewcommand{``I``}[][]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``rm`
> `rmc` | `` | `\``rmfamily`
> `rbox` | `\``rbox` | `\``raisebox{``I``}{}`
> `` | `` | `\``raisebox{``I``}{}`
> `rboxo` | `\``rboxo` | `\``raisebox{``I``}[]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``raisebox{``I``}[]{}`
> `rboxoo` | `\``rboxoo` | `\``raisebox{``I``}[][]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``raisebox{``I``}[][]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``rule{``I``}{}`
> `` | `` | `\``rule[``I``]{}{}`
> `` | `` | `\``sc`
> `` | `` | `\``scshape`
> `sec` | `` | `\``section{``I``}``R`
> `secs` | `` | `\``section*{``I``}``R`
> `seco` | `` | `\``section[``I``]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``setlength{``I``}{}`
> `ssec` | `\``ssec` | `\``subsection{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``subsection{``I``}``R`
> `ssecs` | `\``ssecs` | `\``subsection*{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``subsection*{``I``}``R`
> `sseco` | `\``sseco` | `\``subsection[``I``]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``subsection[``I``]{}``R`
> `sssec` | `\``sssec` | `\``subsubsection{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``subsubsection{``I``}``R`
> `sssecs` | `\``sssecs` | `\``subsubsection*{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``subsubsection*{``I``}``R`
> `ssseco` | `\``ssseco` | `\``subsubsection[``I``]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``subsubsection[``I``][]``R`
> `spar` | `\``spar` | `\``subparagraph{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``subparagraph{``I``}`
> `spars` | `\``spars` | `\``subparagraph*{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``subparagraph*{``I``}`
> `sparo` | `\``sparo` | `\``subparagraph[``I``]{}`
> `` | `` | `\``subparagraph[``I``]{}`
> `stcount` | `` | `\``stepcounter{``I``}``R`
> `sf` | `\``sf` | `\``textsf{``I``}`
> `sfd` | `\``sffamily` | `\``sffamily`
> `scd` | `` | `\``scshape`
> `sl` | `\``sl` | `\``textsl{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``textsl{``I``}`
> `sld` | `` | `\``slshape`
> `` | `` | `\``text{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``textbf{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``textsf{``I``}`
> `sc` | `` | `\``textsc{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``textit{``I``}`
> `` | `` | `\``textup{``I``}`
> `tt` | `\``tt` | `\``texttt{``I``}`
> `ttd` | `` | `\``ttfamily`
> `` | `` | `\``texttt{``I``}`
> `tw` | `\``tw` | `\``textwidth`
> `` | `` | `\``textwidth`
> `` | `` | `\``thanks{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``title{``I``}``R`
> `tilde` | `\``tilde` | `\``textasciitilde`
> `topr` | `` | `\``toprule` `R`
> `toc` | `\``toc` | `\``tableofcontents` `R`
> `tableofcontents` | `` | `\``tableofcontents` `R`
> `up` | `\``up` | `\``textup{``I``}`
> `upd` | `` | `\``upshape`
> `url` | `` | `\``url{``I``}`
> `usep` | `` | `\``usepackage{``I``}``R`
> `usepo` | `` | `\``usepackage[``I``]{}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``vdots`
> `` | `` | `\``vspace{``I``}``R`
> `` | `` | `\``vspace*{``I``}``R`
> `dxa` | `\``dxa` | `\``(``\``alpha``\``)`
> `dxb` | `\``dxb` | `\``(``\``beta``\``)`
> `dxch` | `\``dxch` | `\``(``\``chi``\``)`
> `dxd` | `\``dxd` | `\``(``\``delta``\``)`
> `dxcd` | `\``dxcd` | `\``(``\``Delta``\``)`
> `dxe` | `\``dxe` | `\``(``\``epsilon``\``)`
> `dxve` | `\``dxve` | `\``(``\``varepsilon``\``)`
> `dxet` | `\``dxet` | `\``(``\``eta``\``)`
> `dxg` | `\``dxg` | `\``(``\``gamma``\``)`
> `dxcg` | `\``dxcg` | `\``(``\``Gamma``\``)`
> `dxio` | `\``dxio` | `\``(``\``iota``\``)`
> `dxl` | `\``dxl` | `\``(``\``lambda``\``)`
> `dxcl` | `\``dxcl` | `\``(``\``Lambda``\``)`
> `dxm` | `\``dxm` | `\``(``\``mu``\``)`
> `dxn` | `\``dxn` | `\``(``\``nu``\``)`
> `dxo` | `\``dxo` | `\``(``\``omega``\``)`
> `dxco` | `\``dxco` | `\``(``\``Omega``\``)`
> `dxp` | `\``dxp` | `\``(``\``pi``\``)`
> `dxcp` | `\``dxcp` | `\``(``\``Pi``\``)`
> `dxvp` | `\``dxvp` | `\``(``\``varpi``\``)`
> `dxph` | `\``dxph` | `\``(``\``phi``\``)`
> `dxcph` | `\``dxcph` | `\``(``\``Phi``\``)`
> `dxvph` | `\``dxvph` | `\``(``\``varphi``\``)`
> `dxps` | `\``dxps` | `\``(``\``psi``\``)`
> `dxcps` | `\``dxcps` | `\``(``\``Psi``\``)`
> `dxs` | `\``dxs` | `\``(``\``sigma``\``)`
> `` | `\``dxcs` | `\``(``\``Sigma``\``)`
> `dxvs` | `\``dxvs` | `\``(``\``varsigma``\``)`
> `dxz` | `\``dxz` | `\``(``\``zeta``\``)`
> `dxr` | `\``dxr` | `\``(``\``rho``\``)`
> `dxvr` | `\``dxvr` | `\``(``\``varrho``\``)`
> `dxt` | `\``dxt` | `\``(``\``tau``\``)`
> `dxth` | `\``dxth` | `\``(``\``theta``\``)`
> `dxcth` | `\``dxcth` | `\``(``\``Theta``\``)`
> `dxvth` | `\``dxvth` | `\``(``\``vartheta``\``)`
> `dxu` | `\``dxu` | `\``(``\``upsilon``\``)`
> `dxcu` | `\``dxcu` | `\``(``\``Upsilon``\``)`
> `dxx` | `\``dxx` | `\``(``\``xi``\``)`
> `dxcx` | `\``dxcx` | `\``(``\``Xi``\``)`
> `sqrt` | `\``sqrt` | `\``sqrt{``I``}`
> `sqrto` | `\``sqrto` | `\``sqrt[``I``]{}`
> `frac` | `` | `\``frac{``I``}{}`
> ``
> `` `` ``
> `{array}``RIR``\``end{array}`
> `{abstract}``RIR``\``end{abstract}`
> `{align}``RIR``\``end{align}`
> `{align*}``RIR``\``end{align*}`
> `{alignat}{``I``}``RR``\``end{alignat}`
> `{alignat*}{``I``}``RR``\``end{alignat*}`
> `{aligned}``RIR``\``end{aligned}`
> `{aligned}[``I``]``RR``\``end{aligned}`
> `{alignedat}{``I``}``RR``\``end{alignedat}`
> `{appendix}``RIR``\``end{appendix}`
> `{bmatrix}``RIR``\``end{bmatrix}`
> `{compactenum}``R``\``item` `RIR``\``end{compactenum}`
> `{compactenum}[``I``]R``\``item` `RR``\``end{compactenum}`
> `{compactitem}``R``\``item` `RIR``\``end{compactitem}`
> `{compactitem}[``I``]R``\``item` `RR``\``end{compactitem}`
> `{cases}``RIR``\``end{cases}`
> `{center}``RIR``\``end{center}`
> `{description}``R``\``item[``I``]``RR``\``end{description}`
> `{enumerate}``R``\``item` `RIR``\``end{enumerate}`
> `{enumerate}[``I``]R``\``item` `RR``\``end{enumerate}`
> `{equation}``RIR``\``end{equation}`
> `{eqnarray}``RIR``\``end{eqnarray}`
> `{eqnarray*}``RIR``\``end{eqnarray*}`
> `{figure}``RIR``\``end{figure}`
> `{figure}[``I``]``RR``\``end{figure}`
> `{flalign}``RIR``\``end{flalign}`
> `{flalign*}``RIR``\``end{flalign*}`
> `{flushleft}``RIR``\``end{flushleft}`
> `{flushright}``RIR``\``end{flushright}`
> `{gather}``RIR``\``end{gather}`
> `{gather*}``RIR``\``end{gather*}`
> `{gathered}``RIR``\``end{gathered}`
> `{gathered}[``I``]``RR``\``end{gathered}`
> `{itemize}``R``\``item` `RIR``\``end{itemize}`
> `{itemize}[``I``]R``\``item` `RR``\``end{itemize}`
> `{letter}{``I``}``RR``\``end{letter}`
> `{list}{``I``}{}``R``\``item` `RR``\``end{list}`
> `{minipage}{``I``}``RR``\``end{minipage}`
> `{minipage}[``I``]{}``RR``\``end{minipage}`
> `{multiline}``RIR``\``end{multiline}`
> `{multiline*}``RIR``\``end{multiline*}`
> `{picture}``RIR``\``end{picture}`
> `{pmatrix}``RIR``\``end{pmatrix}`
> `{quotation}``RIR``\``end{quotation}`
> `{quote}``RIR``\``end{quote}`
> `{split}``RIR``\``end{split}`
> `{subequations}``RIR``\``end{subequations}`
> `{tabular}{``I``}``RR``\``end{tabular}`
> `{tabular*}{``I``}{}``RR``\``end{tabular*}`
> `{tabularx}{``I``}{}``RR``\``end{tabularx}`
> `{table}``RIR``\``end{table}`
> `{table}[``I``]``RR``\``end{table}`
> `{table*}``RIR``\``end{table*}`
> `{table*}[``I``]``RR``\``end{table*}`
> `{tabbing}``RIR``\``end{tabbing}`
> `{thebibliography}``RIR``\``end{thebibliography}`
> `{theindex}``RIR``\``end{theindex}`
> `{theorem}``RIR``\``end{theorem}`
> `{titlepage}``RIR``\``end{titlepage}`
> `{trivlist}``RIR``\``end{trivlist}`
> `{varwidth}{``I``}``RR``\``end{varwidth}`
> `{verbatim}``RIR``\``end{verbatim}`
> `{verse}``RIR``\``end{verse}`
> ``
`` `` There are also environment codes (above) without `\begin{` (which is itself a keyword); this allows, if one started to input an environment code, to finish it by `[Tab]`. ### 6.4 Compiling TEXworks There are some documents giving detailed instructions to compile TEXworks on different machines. For Linux: `http://code.google.com/p/texworks/` and `http://code.google.com/p/texworks/wiki/Building`. For the Mac: `http://code.google.com/p/texworks/issues/detail?id=107&q=MAc` For Windows: `http://code.google.com/p/texworks/wiki/BuildingOnWindowsMinGW`